A proteome analysis of the cadmium and mercury response in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Abstract

Cadmium and mercury are well-known toxic heavy metals, but the basis of their toxicity is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the cellular response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to sublethal concentrations of cadmium and mercury ions using 2-DE and MS. Mercury induced the over-expression of 13 C. glutamicum proteins, whereas 35 proteins were induced, and 8 proteins were repressed, respectively, under cadmium stress. The principal response to these metals was protection against oxidative stress, as demonstrated by upregulation of, e.g., Mn/Zn superoxide dismutase. Thioredoxin and oxidoreductase responded most strongly to cadmium and mercury. The increased level of heat-shock proteins, enzymes involved in energy metabolism, as well as in lipoic acid and terpenoid biosynthesis after the treatment of cells with cadmium was also registered. Identification of these proteins and their mapping into specific cellular processes enable a global understanding of the way in which C. glutamicum adapts to heavy-metal stress and may help to gain deeper insight into the toxic mechanism of these metals.

Use of Microcalorimetry To Determine the Costs and Benefits to Pseudomonas putida Strain KT2440 of Harboring Cadmium Efflux Genes

“…Efflux pumps are a way of directly and efficiently dealing with cadmium, by transporting it out of the cell. Other cellular responses to cadmium involve the large-scale synthesis of molecules, such as glutathione, polysaccharides, and chaperone proteins, to bind cadmium and cope with cadmium-induced protein denaturation (13,16,20,33).…”

Differential proteome analysis of a selected bacterial strain isolated from a high background radiation area in response to radium stress

“…The stressed cells need Fe-S cluster proteins, because they play key roles in electron transport, as active site cofactors in TCA cycle enzymes. In addition they are involved in oxidative stress protection [11].…”

“…Iron-sulfur proteins are one group of metalloproteins containing non-heme iron and inorganic sulfide, which are ancient, ubiquitous, and as cofactors, diversely functional in different living organisms including energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, cellular iron homeostasis, electron transfer, DNA synthesis and repair, and as important regulatory sensors to control gene expression corresponding to different environmental stimuli [11].…”

Comparative proteomic analysis of two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) genotypes differing in Cd tolerance

“…And ATP-dependent Clp protease aids in controlling the availability of short-lived regulatory proteins and removing abnormal or damaged proteins; the process of removing and degrade misfolding proteins are assisted by Clp protease as well (Lionaki and Tavernarakis 2013). ClpA homolog could be induced by waterlogging in Arabidopsis (Hayes and Dice 1996), and ClpP could response to Cd and Hg in Corynebacterium glutamicum (Fanous et al 2008). Thus, we can postulate ClpA, ClpP and Clp protease occupy important places in ameliorating Cd toxicity.…”