A protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet does not mitigate reductions in lean mass and resting metabolic rate in subjects with overweight or obesity: A randomized controlled trial

Magkos, Faidon; Hjorth, Mads F.; Asping, Sarah; Rosenkrans, Maria I.; Rasmussen, Sidse I; Ritz, Christian; Sjödin, Anders; Geiker, Nina Rica Wium

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.006

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Noncompleters were younger, heavier, and had greater BMI, fat mass, and hip circumference than subjects who completed the entire study ( Supplemental Table 1 ). Two serious (minor stoke and hernia) and 1 mild (benign growth in the breast) adverse events were recorded during the weight loss phase (which did not result in subjects dropping out) ( 28 ), and none were recorded during the weight maintenance phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 108 randomly assigned subjects attended the baseline visit ( n = 56 in B25 and n = 52 in B150, Table 1 ), and 84 completed the initial 8-wk weight loss phase ( 28 ), of which 4 did not meet the weight loss goal (2 for each VLCD type; Fisher exact test, P = 1.000). These 4 subjects were all females who had been allocated to B150 but lost only 5–7.5% body weight during the weight loss phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VLCD formula products were handed out free of charge during onsite group meetings, during which the study dietitian also answered questions and provided advice for improving compliance. Results from the weight loss phase have been reported elsewhere ( 28 ). Subjects who successfully lost ≥8% of their initial body weight were allowed to continue to the weight maintenance phase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data for subjects who completed all study visits (per protocol analysis) were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance (RANOVA), with 1 between-subjects factor (diet group: B25 compared with B150) and 1 within-subjects factor (time: baseline compared with after weight loss compared with after weight maintenance). The VLCD type (standard or higher protein content) ( 28 ) and sex (male or female) ( 31 ) were entered in the model as covariates, because they can affect the physiological responses to rapid weight loss. Significant main effects and time × diet interactions were followed by Sidak post hoc tests to evaluate differences between time points and diets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss

Magkos

Rasmussen

Hjorth

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Consumption of unprocessed red meat in randomized trials has no adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight, but its physiological effects during weight loss maintenance are not known. Objectives We sought to investigate the effects of healthy diets that include small or large amounts of red meat on the maintenance of lost weight after successful weight loss, and secondarily on body composition (DXA), resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry), and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods In this 5-mo parallel randomized intervention trial, 108 adults with BMI 28–40 kg/m2 (45 males/63 females) underwent an 8-wk rapid weight loss period, and those who lost ≥8% body weight (n = 80) continued to ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 12 wk: a moderate-protein diet with 25 g beef/d (B25, n = 45) or a high-protein diet with 150 g beef/d (B150, n = 35). Results In per protocol analysis (n = 69), mean body weight (−1.2 kg; 95% CI: −2.1, −0.3 kg), mean fat mass (−2.7 kg; 95% CI: −3.4, −2.0 kg), and mean body fat content (−2.6%; 95% CI: −3.1, −2.1%) decreased during the maintenance phase, whereas mean lean mass (1.5 kg; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.0 kg) and mean REE (51 kcal/d; 95% CI: 15, 86 kcal/d) increased, with no differences between groups (all P > 0.05). Results were similar in intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation for dropouts (20 from B150 compared with 19 from B25, P = 0.929). Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors were not different between groups, the general pattern being a decrease during weight loss and a return to baseline during weight maintenance (and despite the additional mild reduction in weight and fat mass). Conclusions Healthy diets consumed ad libitum that contain a little or a lot of unprocessed beef have similar effects on body weight, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular risk factors during the first 3 mo after clinically significant rapid weight loss.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss

Magkos

Rasmussen

Hjorth

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Traditionally, a high-protein diet is thought to increase the amount of dietary protein, reduce the proportion of carbohydrates and increase satiety, thereby reducing energy intake. However, Magkos et al (Magkos et al, 2021) appropriately increased the protein intake of one group of experimenters in two groups of VLCDs by controlling the nutrient intake percentage. The changes in body weight and basal metabolism did not differ significantly between the two groups.…”

Section: High Protein Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the negative effects of obesity on the body and its improvement through diet

Gao¹

2022

BCPSSH

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Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases and is strongly associated with premature death. The mechanisms linking obesity to the body's metabolic disorders include dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension. In addition, several recent studies have suggested that six types of diets (including low calorie, low carbohydrate, low fat, and high protein diets, plant-based diet, and low carbohydrate ketogenic diet) could significantly affect weight change, with each diet having its advantages and disadvantages.

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Effect of telehealth‐based versus in‐person nutritional and exercise intervention on type II diabetes mellitus improvement and efficiency of human resources utilization in patients with obesity

Rajkumar

Davidson

Bell

et al. 2023

Obesity Science & Practice

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AimsTelehealth became a patient necessity during the COVID pandemic and evolved into a patient preference in the post‐COVID era. This study compared the % total body weight loss (%TBWL), HbA1c reduction, and resource utilization among patients with obesity and diabetes who participated in lifestyle interventions with or without telehealth.MethodsA total of 150 patients with obesity and diabetes who were followed every 4–6 weeks either in‐person (n = 83) or via telehealth (n = 67), were included. All patients were provided with an individualized nutritional plan that included a weight‐based daily protein intake from protein supplements and food, an activity/sleep schedule‐based meal times, and an aerobic exercise goal of a 2000‐calorie burn/week, customized to patient's preferences, physical abilities, and comorbidities. The goal was to lose 10%TBWL. Telehealth‐based follow‐up required transmission via texting of weekly body composition measurements and any blood glucose levels below 100 mg/dl for medication adjustments. Weight, BMI, %TBWL, HbA1c (%), and medication effect score (MES) were compared. Patient no‐show rates, number of visits, program duration, and drop‐out rate were used to assess resource utilization based on cumulative staff and provider time spent (CSPTS), provider lost time (PLT) and patient spent time (PST).ResultsMean age was 47.2 ± 10.6 years and 74.6% were women. Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) decreased from 44.1 ± 7.7–39.7 ± 6.7 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001). Mean program duration was 189.4 ± 169.3 days. An HbA1c% unit decline of 1.3 ± 1.5 was achieved with a 10.1 ± 5.1%TBWL. Diabetes was cured in 16% (24/150) of patients. %TBWL was similar in regards to telehealth or in‐person appointments (10.6% ± 5.1 vs. 9.6% ± 4.9, p = 0.14). Age, initial BMI, MES, %TBWL, and baseline HbA1c had a significant independent effect on HbA1c reduction (p < 0.0001). Program duration was longer for in‐person follow‐up (213.8 ± 194 vs. 159.3 ± 127, p = 0.019). The mean annual telehealth and in‐person no‐show rates were 2.7% and 11.2%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean number of visits (5.7 ± 3.0 vs. 8.6 ± 5.1) and drop‐out rates (16.49% vs. 25.83%) were lower in telehealth group (p < 0.0001). The CSPTS (440.4 ± 267.5 min vs. 200.6 ± 110.8 min), PLT (28.9 ± 17.5 min vs. 3.1 ± 1.6 min), and PST (1033 ± 628 min vs. 113.7 ± 61.4 min) were significantly longer (p < 0.0001) for the in‐person group.ConclusionsTelehealth offered comparable %TBWL and HbA1c decline as in‐person follow‐up, but with a shorter follow‐up, fewer appointments, and no‐shows. If improved resource utilization is validated by other studies, telehealth should become the standard of care for the management of obesity and diabetes.

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A protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet does not mitigate reductions in lean mass and resting metabolic rate in subjects with overweight or obesity: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss

Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss

An overview of the negative effects of obesity on the body and its improvement through diet

Effect of telehealth‐based versus in‐person nutritional and exercise intervention on type II diabetes mellitus improvement and efficiency of human resources utilization in patients with obesity

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