A prospective study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of antihypertensive drugs in diabetic and non-Diabetic patients at a tertiary care centre in Ganjam, Odisha

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and Type 2 diabetes are the two factors having a great impact on the mortality and morbidity of a substantial amount of population over the globe. It has also been identified that Hypertension and Type 2 diabetes co-exist in the majority of the patients. There is a wide range of antihypertensive drugs available for the management of hypertension namely, enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), diuretics (D), beta-blockers (β Bs), calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Aim: To study the Efficacy and tolerability of antihypertensive drugs in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic patients at a tertiary care centre in Ganjam, Odisha Materials and Methods: A prospective study with 400 patients was conducted in which 200 were included in the non-diabetic group, and 200 were included in the diabetic group. The study period was six months, from June 2019 to November 2019, and it was conducted at the MKCG Medical College Berhampur, Ganjam Odisha. Patients with Type 1 diabetes were excluded from the study. All the patients suffering from mild and moderate hypertension were included in the study. Also, the patients with and without type 2 diabetes were included in the study. Results: Fifty of the non-diabetics with hypertension belonged to 51-70 years of age group. Similarly, 52.5% of the patient in the Diabetics with Hypertension group belonged to 51-70 years. There was no statistically significant difference among the different mean values among the diabetic and non-diabetic patients except the mean values of diabetic and non-diabetic patients under AST when given ßB + CCB + D + ACEI. There was no statistically significant difference among the renal function of various drugs among the diabetic and non-diabetic group. More people were given two drugs combination as compared to monotherapy, three drugs combination and four drugs combination. There was no statistically significant difference among the various drug combinations on the systolic blood pressure. It was identified various mean urea, mean creatinine and mean uric acid values for different drug combinations. There was no statistically significant difference among the renal function of various drugs among the diabetic and nondiabetic group. Conclusion:The study concluded that antihypertensive drugs were significantly helpful in treating systolic blood pressure. The BP was controlled substantially in the diabetics and non-diabetics using the ACEI drug.