A prospective study of weight gain associated with chronotype among college freshmen

Culnan, Elizabeth; Kloss, Jacqueline D.; Grandner, Michael A.

doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.782311

Cited by 81 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The consequential effects of the combination of rotating SW and ALAN are of considerable concern. ALAN, particularly its blue-violet (λ of 446-484 nm) spectrum, can induce CD in adults and children of the general population due to: (i) direct effects on both clock gene expression of the master biological pacemaker and pineal gland-derived melatonin synthesis, and (ii) indirect effects when acting as a facilitator of healthcompromising nocturnal behaviors, such as (a) latenight bedtimes with societal mandated early morning awakenings that result in an abnormally shortened sleep and altered melatonin and other circadian rhythms, and (b) enhanced nocturnal (late evening/ before bedtime) appetite and food consumption, generally of poor nutrient quality, that is especially prominent in evening chronotypes (Arora & Taheri, 2015;Culnan et al, 2013;Kanerva et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian disruption: New clinical perspective of disease pathology and basis for chronotherapeutic intervention

Smolensky

Hermida

Reinberg

et al. 2016

Chronobiology International

151

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Biological processes are organized in time as innate rhythms defined by the period (τ), phase (peak [Φ] and trough time), amplitude (A, peak-trough difference) and mean level. The human time structure in its entirety is comprised of ultradian (τ < 20 h), circadian (20 h > τ < 28 h) and infradian (τ > 28 h) bioperiodicities. The circadian time structure (CTS) of human beings, which is more complicated than in lower animals, is orchestrated and staged by a brain central multioscillator system that includes a prominent pacemaker - the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Additional pacemaker activities are provided by the pineal hormone melatonin, which circulates during the nighttime, and the left and right cerebral cortices. Under ordinary circumstances this system coordinates the τ and Φ of rhythms driven by subservient peripheral cell, tissue and organ clock networks. Cyclic environmental, feeding and social time cues synchronize the endogenous 24 h clocks and rhythms. Accordingly, processes and functions of the internal environment are integrated in time for maximum biological efficiency, and they are also organized and synchronized in time to the external environment to ensure optimal performance and response to challenge. Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure can alter the CTS as can night work, which, like rapid transmeridian displacement by air travel, necessitates realignment of the Φ of the multitude of 24 h rhythms. In 2001, Stevens and Rea coined the phrase "circadian disruption" (CD) to label the CTS misalignment induced by ALAN and shift work (SW) as a potential pathologic mechanism of the increased risk for cancer and other medical conditions. Current concerns relating to the effects of ALAN exposure on the CTS motivated us to renew our long-standing interest in the possible role of CD in the etiopathology of common human diseases and patient care. A surprisingly large number of medical conditions involve CD: adrenal insufficiency; nocturia; sleep-time non-dipping and rising blood pressure 24 h patterns (nocturnal hypertension); delayed sleep phase syndrome, non-24 h sleep/wake disorder; recurrent hypersomnia; SW intolerance; delirium; peptic ulcer disease; kidney failure; depression; mania; bipolar disorder; Parkinson's disease; Smith-Magenis syndrome; fatal familial insomnia syndrome; autism spectrum disorder; asthma; byssinosis; cancers; hand, foot and mouth disease; post-operative state; and ICU outcome. Poorly conceived medical interventions, for example nighttime dosing of synthetic corticosteroids and certain β-antagonists and cyclic nocturnal enteral or parenteral nutrition, plus lifestyle habits, including atypical eating times and chronic alcohol consumption, also can be causal of CD. Just as surprisingly are the many proven chronotherapeutic strategies available today to manage the CD of several of these medical conditions. In clinical medicine, CD seems to be a common, yet mostly unrecognized, pathologic mechanism of human disease as are the many effective chronotherapeutic int...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian disruption: New clinical perspective of disease pathology and basis for chronotherapeutic intervention

Smolensky

Hermida

Reinberg

et al. 2016

Chronobiology International

151

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“…Several questionnaires have been developed to measure chronotype (Cavallera & Giudici, 2008; Horne & Ostberg, 1976; Smith et al, 1989; Torsvall & Akerstedt, 1980) in a variety of different languages (Adan et al, 2012). Chronotype has been well studied in student populations and has been shown to relate to academic performance (Besoluk et al, 2011), self-control (Digdon & Howell, 2008), weight gain (Culnan et al, 2013), caffeine and alcohol use (Taylor et al, 2011), and sensation seeking (Prat & Adan, 2013). There have also been several large-scale studies on adult populations, many of them concerned with sleep, personality or depression (Kitamura et al, 2010; Merikanto et al, 2012; Muro et al, 2009; Roeser et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronotype, bed timing and total sleep time in seniors

Monk

Buysse

2014

Chronobiology International

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Many older adults (seniors) experience problems with getting enough sleep. Because of the link between sleep and circadian rhythms, changes in bedtime lead to changes in the amount of sleep obtained. Although primarily determined genetically, chronotype changes with advancing age towards a more morning-type (M-type) orientation. In a 2006 study, we have found a linear relationship, by which the earlier a senior’s bedtime, the more sleep she/he will obtain. The aim of this study was to see whether this relationship differs for M-type seniors, as compared to seniors outside the M-type category. Retired seniors (n = 954, 535 M, 410F, 65 years+, mean age 74.4 years) taking part in a telephone interview were divided into M-types and Other types (O-types) using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). The relationship between bedtime and Total Sleep Time (TST), and between rise-time and TST, was tested using linear regression separately for M-types and O-types. For each participant, habitual bedtime, rise-time and total Sleep Time (TST) [after removing time spent in unwanted wakefulness] were obtained using a telephone version of the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ). Both chronotype groups showed a significant linear relationship between bedtime and TST (p<0.001); with earlier bedtimes leading to more TST (M-type 5.6 min; O-type 4.4 min per 10 min change [slope difference p = 0.05]); and an opposite relationship between rise-time and TST with earlier rise-times leading to less TST (M-type 6.7 min; O-type 4.2 min per 10 min change [slope difference p 0.001]). M-types retired to bed 56 min earlier (p<0.001), awoke 93 min earlier (p<0.001) and obtained 23 min less TST (p<0.001) than O-types. In conclusion, both chronotypes showed TST to be related in a linear way to bedtime and rise-time; the overall shorter TST in M-types was due to them rising 93 min earlier, but only retiring to bed 56 min earlier than O-types; as well as having a steeper rise-time versus TST relationship.

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“…Children and adolescents with late bed and wake times have also been shown to have poorer diet quality, a higher intake of energy-dense, nutrient poor foods, and reduced consumption of fruit and vegetables independent of sleep duration. 132 There also appear to be similar effects of chronotype, with reports of increased consumption of fast food 133 and longitudinal increases in body mass index 134 in adolescents with evening chronotypes. The negative associations between sleep-wake factors and eating behaviors continue into adulthood with less fruit and vegetable consumption and more calories consumed after 8 pm in those with later bed and wake times.…”

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confidence: 59%

Variations in the sleep–wake cycle from childhood to adulthood: chronobiological perspectives

Carpenter¹,

Robillard²,

Hickie³

2015

CPT

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Changes in the sleep-wake cycle across development from childhood to adulthood, typically involve a steady shortening of the sleep period and a delay of sleep phase, with a period of more rapid change across adolescence. Accompanying these changes is the maturation of neuroendocrine rhythms such as melatonin, cortisol, and pubertal hormones. These endogenous rhythms are closely associated with behavioral changes in rest and activity rhythms, although environmental factors such as light exposure and academic and social demands likely play an interactive role. Other behavioral aspects, such as physical activity and eating behaviors, are also associated with changes in sleep-wake rhythms, and may be mediational factors in the development of physical illnesses. The sleep-wake cycle and related factors are implicated in the development of mental illnesses. There are several potential avenues of future research that may be valuable in terms of improving interventions and treatments for both mental and physical illnesses.

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A prospective study of weight gain associated with chronotype among college freshmen

Cited by 81 publications

References 69 publications

Circadian disruption: New clinical perspective of disease pathology and basis for chronotherapeutic intervention

Circadian disruption: New clinical perspective of disease pathology and basis for chronotherapeutic intervention

Chronotype, bed timing and total sleep time in seniors

Variations in the sleep–wake cycle from childhood to adulthood: chronobiological perspectives

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A prospective study of weight gain associated with chronotype among college freshmen

Cited by 81 publications

References 69 publications

Circadian disruption: New clinical perspective of disease pathology and basis for chronotherapeutic intervention

Circadian disruption: New clinical perspective of disease pathology and basis for chronotherapeutic intervention

Chronotype, bed timing and total sleep time in seniors

Variations in the sleep&ndash;wake cycle from childhood to adulthood: chronobiological perspectives

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Product

Resources

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Variations in the sleep–wake cycle from childhood to adulthood: chronobiological perspectives