A prospective study of the prevalence of corneal surface disease in dogs receiving prophylactic topical lubrication under general anesthesia

Dawson, Charlotte; Sanchez, Rick F.

doi:10.1111/vop.12272

Cited by 16 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The case counts used in previous publications on CUD have generally been small [5, 7–10, 16–29]. Although the overall study population of some of these earlier studies may have included up to 200 animals [5, 21, 26], the count of CUD cases within each population, when clearly presented, often dropped to much lower numbers [5]. Furthermore, many of these earlier studies only included referral caseloads, which introduces inevitable selection bias into the study design [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary causes of CUD in dogs include spontaneous chronic corneal ulceration (SCCED) [5, 10, 16] and canine herpes virus-1 [17]. Multiple secondary causes are reported, including entropion [18, 19], ectopic cilia [8, 20], primary and secondary forms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) [7, 21], corneal degeneration [22], traumatic events [23–25], corneal overexposure related to general anesthesia [26], facial nerve paralysis [27] and orbital diseases [28, 29]. Many of these factors have also been associated with certain breed phenotypes [30] and some smaller studies based on referral populations of less than 250 cases have reported increased CUD prevalence in breed-types such as brachycephalic [7, 31, 32] or spaniel types [7, 33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management

O’Neill

Lee

Brodbelt

et al. 2017

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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107

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BackgroundCorneal ulcerative disease (CUD) has the potential to adversely affect animal welfare by interfering with vision and causing pain. The study aimed to investigate for the first time the prevalence, breed-based risk factors and clinical management of CUD in the general population of dogs under primary veterinary care in England.ResultsOf 104,233 dogs attending 110 clinics participating within the VetCompass Programme from January 1st to December 31st 2013, there were 834 confirmed CUD cases (prevalence: 0.80%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.86). Breeds with the highest prevalence included Pug (5.42% of the breed affected), Boxer (4.98%), Shih Tzu (3.45%), Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (2.49%) and Bulldog (2.41%). Purebred dogs had 2.23 times the odds (95% CI 1.84–2.87, P < 0.001) of CUD compared with crossbreds. Brachycephalic types had 11.18 (95% CI 8.72–14.32, P < 0.001) and spaniel types had 3.13 (95% CI 2.38–4.12, P < 0.001) times the odds for CUD compared with crossbreds. Pain was recorded in 385 (46.2%) cases and analgesia was used in 455 (54.6%) of dogs. Overall, 62 (7.4%) cases were referred for advanced management and CUD contributed to the euthanasia decision for 10 dogs.ConclusionsBreeds such as the Pug and Boxer, and conformational types such as brachycephalic and spaniels, demonstrated predisposition to CUD in the general canine population. These results suggest that breeding focus on periocular conformation in predisposed breeds should be considered in order to reduce corneal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management

O’Neill

Lee

Brodbelt

et al. 2017

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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107

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“…In a recent prospective study [14] in dogs receiving prophylactic eye instillation of a carmellose sodium gel at induction and every 2-4 h during GA, a low incidence (0.5%) of superficial corneal ulcerations, but a high incidence of corneal epithelial erosions (18.6%) were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Schirmer Tear Test Value and Corneal Lesions’ Incidence during General Anesthesia for Non-Ophthalmic Surgery in Non-Brachycephalic Dogs: A Pilot Study Comparing Three Different Lubricant Eye Drop Formulations

Palma

Micieli

Lamagna

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Aim of this blinded, prospective, randomized clinical study was to compare three different lubricant eye drops (LED) in healthy adult dogs undergoing general anaesthesia (GA) for non-ophthalmic surgery. Tear production rate was monitored by means of Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), and incidence of post-operative corneal abrasions/ulcerations was detected by corneal staining. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed before premedication, at extubation time and 24 h after GA in twenty-five non-brachycephalic dogs (fifty eyes) undergoing elective orthopaedic or spinal surgery procedures. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of three groups receiving as prophylactic LED either carmellose sodium (GC), or 1% hyaluronic acid (GH), or 0.25% hyaluronic acid (GL). In each eye STT-1 was repeated every hour during GA, before instilling one drop of the assigned LED. In all groups STT-1 values drastically decreased during GA, while 24 h later nine eyes (18%) had STT-1 values lower than 15 mm/minute. All of the three formulations tested were fully effective in preventing corneal ulceration (0% in all groups), while 10% of eyes reported superficial de-epithelialization. Fluorescein staining demonstrated that hourly prophylactic LED application prevented exposure keratopathy during general anesthesia in 90% of the eyes in non-brachycephalic dogs.

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“…It has been suggested that the reduction of reflex tear formation during anaesthesia may be due to the depression of autonomical pathways responsible for the production of tears. This decrease is usually transient but may last for several days when combined with other postoperative complications (Martin 2005b, Dawson and Sanchez 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of morphine‐alfaxalone‐midazolam premedication, alfaxalone induction and sevoflurane maintenance on intraocular pressure and tear production in dogs

et al. 2017

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Intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production are commonly affected by general anaesthesia. It is necessary to have a good control of both to guarantee successful ophthalmic surgery. The purpose of this research was to evaluate if the protocol based on the administration of morphine-alfaxalone-midazolam as premedication, alfaxalone as induction and sevoflurane as maintenance, can induce changes on IOP and Schirmer's tear test (STT-1) in healthy dogs. Twenty-two adult mixed-breed dogs scheduled for an ovariohysterectomy were enrolled for the study. IOP and STT-1 were registered at baseline (T), 5 minutes (T), 10 minutes (T) and 15 minutes (T) after premedication with a morphine-alfaxalone-midazolam combination; 5 minutes (T) after induction with alfaxalone and 15 minutes (T) and 25 minutes (T) after maintenance with sevoflurane. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to analyse the difference between IOP and STT-1 over time, respectively. The present study shows a slightly statistically significant increase in IOP (P<0.05) after premedication, induction and maintenance that can be associated with this anaesthetic protocol. STT-1 showed a statistically significant reduction during all the procedures (P<0.001). These results should be taken into consideration, especially in dogs with damaged corneas, in those predisposed to glaucoma and in those due to undergo intraocular surgery. Ocular lubrication is necessary if this protocol is used.

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A prospective study of the prevalence of corneal surface disease in dogs receiving prophylactic topical lubrication under general anesthesia

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management

Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management

Schirmer Tear Test Value and Corneal Lesions’ Incidence during General Anesthesia for Non-Ophthalmic Surgery in Non-Brachycephalic Dogs: A Pilot Study Comparing Three Different Lubricant Eye Drop Formulations

Effects of morphine‐alfaxalone‐midazolam premedication, alfaxalone induction and sevoflurane maintenance on intraocular pressure and tear production in dogs

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