A prospective study of tea and coffee intake and risk of glioma

Abstract

Tea and coffee have antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Observational studies suggest that tea and coffee intake may reduce cancer risk, but data on glioma risk are inconclusive. We evaluated the association between tea, coffee and caffeine intake and glioma risk in the female Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and the male Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study (HPFS). Cumulative intake was derived from validated quadrennial food frequency questionnaires. Glioma cases were confirmed by medical record review. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios of glioma by beverage intake category were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. We documented 554 incident cases of glioma (256 in NHS, 87 in NHSII and 211 in HPFS). Compared to <1 cup/week, higher tea consumption was borderline inversely associated with glioma risk in pooled cohorts (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–1.10 for >2 cups/day, p‐trend = 0.05), but not in women (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.47–1.18 for >2 cups/day, p‐trend = 0.11) or men (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.30–1.60 for >2 cups/day, p‐trend = 0.30) separately. Overall, we observed no significant associations between caffeinated, decaffeinated or total coffee intake and glioma risk. There were no material differences in the results with baseline values, 8‐year lagged responses, or when limited to glioblastoma (n = 362). In three large prospective cohort studies, tea intake was borderline inversely associated with glioma risk. No significant associations were observed for coffee intake and glioma risk. These results merit further exploration in prospective studies.

Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of glioma: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

“…Cumulative antioxidant capacity found in coffee is higher than that found in any given fruit and vegetable (7) . However, the benefit of coffee or tea consumption on the risk of glioma is still controversial; two most recent studies published in 2020 showed conflicting results, similar to previous studies (4,8) . In this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, we aimed to assess whether coffee and tea consumption is related to the risk of glioma by synthesising the latest evidence from cohort studies.…”

The Coffee–Acrylamide Apparent Paradox: An Example of Why the Health Impact of a Specific Compound in a Complex Mixture Should Not Be Evaluated in Isolation

“…Concerning skin, an organ often found as a target for AA-induced carcinogenesis in animal studies [ 36 , 37 ], meta-analyses indicate borderline protective effects of coffee consumption against melanoma [ 98 , 99 , 100 ] and basal cell skin cancers [ 101 , 102 , 103 ]. On a similar note, no association was found between coffee consumption and the risk of brain tumors [ 104 , 105 ] or gliomas [ 106 , 107 , 108 ], as reported in meta-analyses and reviews. Similarly, no association was found between coffee consumption and oral or pharyngeal cancer risk [ 109 , 110 ].…”

The Influence of Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors on Glioma Incidence

“…In the case of coffee and tea consumption, no effect on glioma was observed, taking into account both the entire observation period and after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up [ 13 ]. In 2019, the combined data from the Nurses’ Health Study (I and II) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) were studied by Cote et al [ 21 ]. Consumption of tea and coffee was assessed based on the information provided in the validated food frequency questionnaires.…”

“…Though when the gender breakdown was included, the relationships were not confirmed. Moreover, a relevant inverse relationship was determined between tea consumption at the baseline and glioma risk in the pooled analysis ( p = 0.02) and in females ( p = 0.05) but not in males ( p = 0.22) [ 21 ].…”