A Prospective Study of Sleep, Mood, and Cognitive Function in Postpartum and Nonpostpartum Women

Swain, Annette M.; O’Hara, Michael W.; Starr, Kathleen; Gorman, Laura L.

doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(97)89252-6

Cited by 104 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The symptom profile was wide, as shown by numerous studies [6,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Increased or decreased appetite, sleep disturbances, and decreased energy, each of which may be difficult to differentiate from healthy women because of postpartum status, other medical reasons and child care stress were also different [6][7][8]. Many of the symptoms are similar to those of generalised anxiety disorders, panic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and personality disorders, and co-morbidity may be high between these disorders and PPD [10,[13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patterns of appetite, especially loss of appetite [6], fatigue, and disrupted sleep related to infant care may be difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of depression. Sleep disturbances can also lead to negative consequences, such as dysphoric mood and impaired cognitive function, while persistent difficulty with concentration or cognitive tasks is indicative of a mood disorder [7]. Substance abuse and medical causes of psychiatric symptoms, such as thyroid disorders, should also be considered [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is postpartum depression a homogenous disorder: time of onset, severity, symptoms and hopelessness in relation to the course of depression

Kettunen

Koistinen

Hintikka

2014

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common illness, but due to the underlying processes and the diversity of symptoms, some variability is exhibited. The risk of postpartum depression is great if the mother has previously suffered from depression, but there is some evidence that a certain subgroup of women only experience depression during the postpartum period. Methods: The study group consisted of 104 mothers with postpartum major depression and a control group of 104 postpartum mothers without depression. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) was used for data collection. The severity of depression and other mental symptoms were assessed using several validated rating scales. Results: A history of past depression (82%), including depression during pregnancy (42%) and during the postpartum period (53%), was very common in those with current PPD. Eighteen per cent of mothers with current PPD had previously not had any depressive episodes and four per cent had experienced depression only during the postpartum period. Therefore, pure PPD was rare. The onset of PPD was usually (84%) within six weeks of childbirth. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, depressed mood, diminished pleasure/ interest, decreased energy, and psychomotor agitation/retardation were common with all kinds of depression histories. Pure PPD was the most similar to the first depressive episode. Nevertheless, the severity of depression, the level of hopelessness, somatisation, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, psychoticism, sleep disturbance, and suicidal ideation were lower, appetite changed less, and concentration was better than in other recurrent depressions. Conclusions: According to this study, PPD is not a homogenous disorder. The time of onset, severity, symptoms, level of hopelessness, and the course of depression vary. Recurrent depression is common. All mothers must be screened during the sixth week postpartum at the latest. Screening alone is not effective; it is also important to give mothers information about PPD and to discuss the symptoms with them in order for them to recognise this disorder and possible new episodes in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is postpartum depression a homogenous disorder: time of onset, severity, symptoms and hopelessness in relation to the course of depression

Kettunen

Koistinen

Hintikka

2014

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…The fatigue reported by most women during the initial postpartum period is a major factor contributing to the onset of affect and mood disturbance. Swain and colleagues found that negative mood during the first postpartum week was mediated by the amount of time mothers spent awake at night [43], and fatigue has been shown to co-vary with scores on the Beck Depression Inventory during the first 2 postpartum weeks [44]. "Infant sleep problems" (reported by as many as 46% of parents) are associated with higher parental depression scores [45].…”

Section: Consequences Of Maternal Postpartum Sleep Disturbance For Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum Sleep in New Mothers and Fathers

Montgomery‐Downs¹,

Stremler²,

Insana³

2013

TOSLPJ

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Abstract:In this review, we describe postpartum sleep as characterized by marked fragmentation, resulting in nearuniversal fatigue during the initial postpartum period. This sleep disturbance and fatigue are major contributing factors to the onset of affect and mood disturbance, which in turn is strongly associated with an increase in negative infant-parent interactions and adverse infant emotional and cognitive outcomes. Although less-frequently studied, postpartum fathers also experience sleep disturbance and sleepiness associated impairments that impact their families. Despite this, postpartum sleep should be considered a normative developmental period, and the need for intervention can be seen as a byproduct of social and economic expectations that new parents return to the workforce soon after childbirth. Heretofore, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of interventions to improve parent sleep, though some suggest that socially disadvantaged families may benefit most from advice regarding infant and maternal sleep. Also reviewed here is the evidence for a high proportion of children reported to co-sleep with their parents -despite the professional recommendations in the United States -and the need for family education regarding safe co-sleeping. Finally, one obstacle to a woman's decision to breastfeed may be concern about how this will affect her sleep; the evidence for a lack of impact of infant breast feeding on maternal sleep is evident.

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“…Poor maternal sleep condition is thought to have a strong association to infant's sleep [9][10][11]. Sleep deprivation is associated with problematic sleepiness, fatigue, depressed mood, anxiety and poor daytime functioning [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Pattern of Japanese Infants and Their Mother’s Parenting Stress

Asaka¹

2013

J Women’s Health Care

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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep of healthy infants and their mother's parenting stress in Japan.Methods: Cross-sectional study. Data obtained from 48 healthy mothers and their infants aged from 6-month old to 24-month old were studied. The mothers completed questionnaires including the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI Short Form), and infant's sleep measures were assessed by an actigraph (Micro-mini RC, Ambulatory Monitoring Inc., Ardsley, NY).Results: All infants, except one, shared a room with their mothers for sleeping. Of these infants, 22 infants shared a bed with their mothers. Sleep measures including sleep quality showed developmental change along with their age. However, the score of maternal parenting stress did not change. Maternal parenting stress is significantly differed by the mother's perception of infant's sleep. Conclusion:Room-share is common lifestyle among Japanese mothers raising infants and sleep development of infants was confirmed. Thus, the health care providers could give information that bed-share and room-share does not affect infant's sleep development during early stage of infancy in Japan. Maternal subjective perception of infant's sleep is associated with parenting stress rather than sleep assessments by objective methods.

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A Prospective Study of Sleep, Mood, and Cognitive Function in Postpartum and Nonpostpartum Women

Cited by 104 publications

References 30 publications

Is postpartum depression a homogenous disorder: time of onset, severity, symptoms and hopelessness in relation to the course of depression

Is postpartum depression a homogenous disorder: time of onset, severity, symptoms and hopelessness in relation to the course of depression

Postpartum Sleep in New Mothers and Fathers

Sleep Pattern of Japanese Infants and Their Mother’s Parenting Stress

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