A prospective study of short- and long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury in children: Behavior and achievement.

Taylor, H. Gerry; Yeates, Keith Owen; Wade, Shari L.; Drotar, Dennis; Stancin, Terry; Minich, Nori

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.16.1.15

Cited by 360 publications

(374 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Research is emerging that the main predictor for a good outcome may not be the injury itself but rather the child's environment following such injury. (29) Similar to the finding those premorbid behavioral and personality disturbances are predictive of similar problems after the injury; family discord prior to an injury is highly predictive of divorce, social isolation, and substance abuse following the TBI. (30) It has been suggested that there are two burdens that families experience during the recovery of their child which are objective and subjective.…”

Section: Interventionssupporting

confidence: 57%

Management and Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

El-Twab

Foaud

youssef

et al. 2013

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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Traumatic brain injury is described as a blow to the head or a penetrating head damage which disturb the normal function of the brain. Traumatic brain injuries, in children are common and sometimes are powerful in threatening the life and are leading causes of acquired disability and death. Traumatic brain injury is responsible for nearly 1.4 million injuries and 52 000 deaths annually in the United States. Therefore, in this paper we reviewed the new and recent advances about the management and neuromonitoring in pediatric traumatic brain injury. And to provide a summary of the empirical research on management and rehabilitation in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies of the effectiveness of interventions with children with TBI are hampered by difficulty with combining subjects with various levels of TBI, problems with random assignment to treatment groups, and varying age levels at injury. While these are areas of concern, there are emerging studies that indicate both applied behavioral analysis (ABA) and positive behavioral interventions are helpful to many children. For some children, ABA is not successful, and a shift to positive behavioral interventions has been found to be helpful. Transitions to home and school can be difficult particularly if there are family issues that predated the injury. This review provides additional information for the pediatric neuropsychologist to assist with transition to school and home. Studies utilizing the Internet for family interventions have revealed promising results. Conclusion: Neuromonitoring technology is still at an early stage in pediatric TBI. These improvements have provided the possibility of true multimodal monitoring for useful treatments. But, using clinical functional neuromonitoring would help clinicians to evaluate the managements in hospitals. Studies have indicated that children with severe TBI show significant difficulties with emotional and behavioral adjustment that pose more challenges for intervention and reentry to home and school compared with cognitive and physical issues.

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Section: Interventionssupporting

confidence: 57%

Management and Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

El-Twab

Foaud

youssef

et al. 2013

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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“…Consistent with this interpretation, deficits in self-awareness are common sequelae of severe TBI. 50 An important clinical implication of the difference between self-and parent reports, and of the discrepancy between adolescent self-report and documented deficits in long-term outcomes 51 is that adolescents are either unaware of their limitations or unwilling to admit to them. Such lack of insight or denial may affect adolescent compliance with recommendations for services that parents or professionals deem necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents After Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Relatively little is known about the longer-term impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on children's daily functioning, especially the broader outcome domain referred to as health-related quality of life (HRQL). The objective of the present study was to examine the nature and predictors of HRQL outcomes in children with moderate to severe TBI an average of 4 years postinjury.Methods. The study used a concurrent cohort-prospective design involving postinjury assessments of 3 groups of traumatically injured children and their families including 42 with severe TBI, 42 with moderate TBI, and 50 with orthopedic injuries only. Parent and child perceptions of HRQL and child adaptive behavior measures were obtained along with parent descriptions of the child's health problems and use of medical and mental health services. Predictors included indices of injury severity, social factors, and ratings of preinjury child behavior problems and school performance.Results. Based on parent report, adolescents who sustained severe TBI had lower HRQL related to overall psychosocial functioning and in the domains of behavior, mental health, general health, and family impact than adolescents who sustained orthopedic injuries only. Communication skills, daily living skills, and general adaptive functioning also were rated lower in the severe TBI group. In contrast to parent reports, adolescents with severe TBI did not rate their HRQL in most domains differently than did adolescents with orthopedic injuries. There were no group differences in frequency of persistent physical limitations. Sixty-seven percent of families of children with severe TBI used mental health counseling at some point after the injury. Risks for poorer HRQL outcomes were related to family social disadvantage and poorer preinjury child behavioral and academic functioning.Conclusions. Findings underscore the importance of using comprehensive measures of HRQL, along with traditional indicators of functional outcomes, when evaluating the longer-term impact of injuries in children. Identification of predictors suggests the need for close monitoring and intervention of high-risk children. Pediatrics 2002;109(2). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/2/e34; traumatic brain injury, health-related quality of life, functional outcomes.ABBREVIATIONS. TBI, traumatic brain injury; HRQL, healthrelated quality of life; CNS, central nervous system; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MISS, Modified Injury Severity Score; SCI, Socioeconomic Composite Index; FAD, Family Assessment Device; FAD-GF, Family Assessment Device General Functioning Scale; CHQ, Child Health Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation; WHO, World Health Organization; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; TRF, (Child Behavior Checklist) Teacher's Report Form; OR, odds ratio; CI, 95% confidence interval; SE, standard error. S tudy of the functional status of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is justified by both the prevalence of the condition and the multifaceted nature of injury sequel...

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“…Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in substantial neurobehavioral morbidity for survivors, including persistent impairments in emotional, social, behavioral, and neuropsychological functioning that persist well beyond the acute phase of injury (e.g., Anderson et al, 2001Anderson et al, , 2006Taylor et al, 2002;Yeates et al, 2005). A clear relationship has been observed for physical and cognitive outcomes in TBI, with the severity of TBI contributing to greater impairment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term neural processing of attention following early childhood traumatic brain injury: fMRI and neurobehavioral outcomes

Kramer

Chiu

Walz

et al. 2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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Attentional deficits are common and significant sequelae of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about how the underlying neural processes that support different components of attention are affected. The present study examined brain activation patterns using f MRI in a group of young children who sustained a TBI in early childhood (n 5 5; mean age 5 9.4), and a group of age-matched control children with orthopedic injuries (OI) (n 5 8) during a continuous performance task (CPT). Four children in the TBI group had moderate injuries, and one had a severe injury. Performance on the CPT task did not differ between groups. Both TBI and OI children activated similar networks of brain regions relevant to sustained attention processing, but the TBI group demonstrated several areas of significantly greater activation relative to controls, including frontal and parietal regions. These findings of over-activation of the relevant attention network in the TBI group contrast with those obtained in imaging studies of Attention-Deficit0Hyperactivity Disorder where under-activation of the attention network has been documented. This study provides evidence that young children's brains function differently following a traumatic brain injury, and that these differences persist for years after the injury. (JINS, 2008, 14, 424-435.)

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A prospective study of short- and long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury in children: Behavior and achievement.

Cited by 360 publications

References 81 publications

Management and Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

Management and Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents After Traumatic Brain Injury

Long-term neural processing of attention following early childhood traumatic brain injury: fMRI and neurobehavioral outcomes

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