A Prospective Study of First-Incidence Depression

Rorsman, Birgitta; Gräsbeck, Anne; Hagnell, Olle; Lanke, Jan; Öhman, Rolf; Öjesjö, Leif; Otterbeck, Lena

doi:10.1192/bjp.156.3.336

Cited by 102 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The incidence of MDD was 1.51, virtually identical to the rate in ECA (1.52), 11 but lower than the rates in Edmonton (2.79), 12 the Netherlands (2.72) 13 and Finland (2.05), 15 and higher than those observed in the older long-term follow-up studies (0.24-0.45). [1][2][3]5 The incidence of panic disorder (0.62) was similar to rates in the ECA (0.56) 11,19,20 and the Netherlands (0.78) 13 surveys. The incidence of social phobia (0.32) was comparable to the rate in the Baltimore FollowUp Survey (0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

et al. 2008

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The objective of this study was to present nationally representative findings on sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV) substance, mood and anxiety disorders using the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. One-year incidence rates of DSM-IV substance, mood and anxiety disorders were highest for alcohol abuse (1.02), alcohol dependence (1.70), major depressive disorder (MDD; 1.51) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; 1.12). Incidence rates were significantly greater (P < 0.01) among men for substance use disorders and greater among women for mood and anxiety disorders except bipolar disorders and social phobia. Age was inversely related to all disorders. Black individuals were at decreased risk of incident alcohol abuse and Hispanic individuals were at decreased risk of GAD. Anxiety disorders at baseline more often predicted incidence of other anxiety disorders than mood disorders. Reciprocal temporal relationships were found between alcohol abuse and dependence, MDD and GAD, and GAD and panic disorder. Borderline and schizotypal personality disorders predicted most incident disorders. Incidence rates of substance, mood and anxiety disorders were comparable to or greater than rates of lung cancer, stroke and cardiovascular disease. The greater incidence of all disorders in the youngest cohort underscores the need for increased vigilance in identifying and treating these disorders among young adults. Strong common factors and unique factors appear to underlie associations between alcohol abuse and dependence, MDD and GAD, and GAD and panic disorder. The major results of this study are discussed with regard to prevention and treatment implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

et al. 2008

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“…This may lead not only to overdiagnosis 59 but also to underdiagnosis if depressive symptoms are thought to be due to physical disorders or normal aging. 6,7,42,57,92,93 Depression may also have different manifestations in the elderly. 6,64,93 For example, elderly people may present with a smaller number of symptoms 66 or one dominating symptom.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Skoog

2011

Can J Psychiatry

107

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Recent research has shown that depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis are more common than previously supposed in elderly populations without dementia. It is unclear whether the frequency of these disorders increases or decreases with age. Clinical expression of psychiatric disorders in old age may be different from that seen in younger age groups, with less and often milder symptoms. Concurrently, comorbidity between different psychiatric disorders is immense, as well as comorbidity with somatic disorders. Cognitive function is often decreased in people with depression, anxiety disorders, and psychosis, but whether these disorders are risk factors for dementia is unclear. Psychiatric disorders in the elderly are often related to cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, although psychosocial risk factors are also important. Psychiatric disorders, common among the elderly, have consequences that include social deprivation, poor quality of life, cognitive decline, disability, increased risk for somatic disorders, suicide, and increased nonsuicidal mortality.Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56 (7):387-397. Key Words: depression, anxiety, psychosis, elderly, epidemiologic methods, prevalence, risk factors, comorbidityM ost research on mental disorders have been concerned with dementia and to some extent with depression. Other mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders, have received less attention. This review will discuss the frequency of mental disorders in the elderly, and its relation to age. Aspects of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia, such as clinical expression and comorbidity, cognitive function and dementia, cerebral neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease, and risk factors and consequences, will also be discussed. Frequency of Mental Disorders in the ElderlyThe prevalence of mental disorders is high among the elderly, 1-4 with a prevalence of almost 20% in people without dementia aged 65 years and older.2 While most people in epidemiologic studies are below age 90 years, it was recently reported that almost one-third of people without dementia aged 95 years fulfilled criteria for a psychiatric disorder: 17% had depression, 9% anxiety, and 7% a psychotic disorder. 5Most studies on the epidemiology of mental disorders in the elderly without dementia have been concerned with depression. Cross-sectional studies report prevalence figures of around 5% to 10% for depression, 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and 1% to 5% for major depression.2,3,13 These figures may be even higher in the developing world.14 This makes depression more common than dementia in people aged 65 years and older. The prevalence of depressive symptoms are even more common than the clinical diagnoses. Such subsyndromal forms of depression are nevertheless associated with adverse outcomes, such as stroke, disability, and mortality. 15-18Anxiety disorders include GAD, agoraphobia, panic anxiety disorder, OCD, social phobia, and specific phobias. Recent research suggests that anxiety disorder...

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“…Severity is judged by the number and severity of symptoms, as well as the degree of functional impairment, however, persistent symptoms below the threshold criteria (ICD-10 and DSM-IV) can be distressing and disabling. It is one of the leading causes of disease-related disability in women (2), and they are nearly twice as likely, compared with men, to suffer from an episode of depression (3)(4)(5). This difference begins early in life (adolescence) and persists through the mid-50s (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in midlife women

Sassarini

2016

Maturitas

134

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Depression is one of the leading causes of disease-related disability in women, and they are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from an episode of depression. The difference begins in early life and persists through to mid-life, and as such, these reproductive years have been labelled by some as a 'window of vulnerability'. The prevalence has been reported to be particularly high during the menopausal transition, but there is no consensus supporting a direct association with reproductive status. This may be partly due to methodological limitations and inconsistencies in the available studies, resulting from a large number of confounding factors. In addition, relationships between sex hormones and the neurotransmitters purported to be responsible for depression are complex. What appears to be universally accepted is that treatment, with oestrogen, for low mood in women during midlife years may be beneficial, and should be considered. Key Words Depression MidlifeSexual dimorphism Receptor polymorphisms SearchingAll searches were conducted in PUBMED and EMBASE. The following search terms were combined using Boolean rules: depression, menopause, midlife, women. All searches were updated June 2016.Searching of grey literature or unpublished literature was not undertaken. Papers published in languages other than English were not reviewed.The titles and abstracts of records retrieved by the searches were sifted for relevance, with potentially significant publications obtained in full text.

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A Prospective Study of First-Incidence Depression

Cited by 102 publications

References 14 publications

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly

Depression in midlife women

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