A Prospective Study of Etiology of Pancytopenias in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Peripheral pancytopenia is not a disease by itself; rather it describes simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia resulting from a number of disease processes. The aim of this study was carried out to investigate for and to identify the causes of pancytopenia, to nd out the frequency of different causes, to determine the incidence of pancytopenia in relation to sex and age and to compare our ndings with those of other similar studies from this part of the world. Methods: This Prospective Observational study was done from June 2021 to April 2022 in tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 cases male and female were studied based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were done routine investigations, like cbp, peripheral smear. furthur evaluated for the cause of pancytopenia by doing a biopsy. all patients above 5 years were enrolled in the study. The study was carried out in all patients fullling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In our study there was male preponderence with males 53 and females 47 in the ratio 1.12:1.there were more number of patients in the age group 41-60yrs[36];21-40yrs[28];5-20yrs[24];61-80yrs[12];the most common aetiology for pancytopenia was megaloblastic anaemia[53],infectious causes 12.out of infectious causes 4 were SLE,5 were HIV and 3 were dengue.the next in the order were aplastic anaemia 10,carcinomas 10,fanconi's anaemia 5,mds 5 and cld 5.organomegaly was observed in 25 patients with infectious causes and there was no organomegaly in 75 patients. Conclusions: we conclude from our study that pancytopenias should be evaluated furthur for etiology. the diagnosis of etiology of pancytopenia can be acheived by careful physical examination and doing blood investigations. in our study megaloblastic anaemia was the major factor causing pancytopenia.