A Prospective Study of Etiology of Childhood Acute Bacterial Meningitis, Turkey

Abstract

Determination of the etiology of bacterial meningitis and estimating cost of disease are important in guiding vaccination policies. To determine the incidence and etiology of meningitis in Turkey, cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) samples were obtained prospectively from children (1 month-17 years of age) with a clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. Multiplex PCR was used to detect DNA evidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus infl uenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis. In total, 408 CSF samples were collected, and bacterial etiology was determined in 243 cases; N. meningitidis was detected in 56.5%, S. pneumoniae in 22.5%, and Hib in 20.5% of the PCR-positive samples. Among N. meningitidis-positive CSF samples, 42.7%, 31.1%, 2.2%, and 0.7% belonged to serogroups W-135, B, Y, and A, respectively. This study highlights the emergence of serogroup W-135 disease in Turkey and concludes that vaccines to prevent meningococcal disease in this region must provide reliable protection against this serogroup.

Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative

“…19 From 1985 to 2006, the reported incidence ranged from 1.01 to 5.5 cases per 100,000, indicating an intermediate level of endemic disease. 20,21 In 2005e2006, MenW (42.7% of all bacterial meningitis) and MenB (31.1%) were the most prevalent capsular groups in children, 19 while in 2009e2010, the prevalence of MenA had increased (36.6%; MenW: 56.1%; MenB: 7.3%). By 2011e2012, MenW was by far the most prevalent capsular group (56.5% vs. 6.5% for MenB and 6.5% for MenA).…”

“…A nationwide bacterial meningitis study using multiplex PCR was started in 2005, a S. pneumoniae study was started in 2008, and a study of N. meningitidis bacterial isolates was started in 2013. 18,19 MD in Turkey largely affects those 18 years old, with estimated incidences (in 2005e2006) of bacterial meningitis at 3.5 per 100,000 (56.5% N. meningitidis), meningococcal meningitis at 2.0 per 100,000, and MD at 3.5e4 per 100,000. 19 From 1985 to 2006, the reported incidence ranged from 1.01 to 5.5 cases per 100,000, indicating an intermediate level of endemic disease.…”

“…18,19 MD in Turkey largely affects those 18 years old, with estimated incidences (in 2005e2006) of bacterial meningitis at 3.5 per 100,000 (56.5% N. meningitidis), meningococcal meningitis at 2.0 per 100,000, and MD at 3.5e4 per 100,000. 19 From 1985 to 2006, the reported incidence ranged from 1.01 to 5.5 cases per 100,000, indicating an intermediate level of endemic disease. 20,21 In 2005e2006, MenW (42.7% of all bacterial meningitis) and MenB (31.1%) were the most prevalent capsular groups in children, 19 while in 2009e2010, the prevalence of MenA had increased (36.6%; MenW: 56.1%; MenB: 7.3%).…”

Pharyngeal carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis before and after theHajj pilgrimage, in Zahedan (southeastern Iran), 2012

“…Then an outbreak of serogroup W-135 MCD occurred in mid-March 2000 among Muslim pilgrims returning from the pilgrimage to Mecca and those in contact with them, with more than 340 cases being reported from around the world (4,10). Recent studies showed that W-135 and B were the commonest serogroups causing meningococcal meningitis (11,12). The risk of transmission increases owing to the fact that carriage may last between 5 and 15 weeks (13)(14)(15).…”

Investigation of Bacterial Meningitis Agents from Patients with Suspicion of Non-Neonatal Meningitis by Conventional and Molecular Methods

“…(24) 'nın çok merkezli çalışmala-rında, 7 coğrafik bölgede, Akdeniz bölgesi haricinde, en çok görülen akut bakteriyel menenjit etkeninin N. meningitidis olduğu, Akdeniz böl-gesinde ise S. pneumoniae'nin en sık izole edilen etken olduğu belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki epidemiyolojik verilerin çalışmamızla uyumlu olduğu belirlendi.…”