A Prospective Study of Dietary Folate Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Modification by Caffeine Intake and Cigarette Smoking

Larsson, Susanna C.; Giovannucci, Edward; Wolk, Alicja

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0581

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, the validity for the major food sources of B vitamins was also good, so we have no reason to assume that it would be different for B vitamins (Ocke et al, 1997a). Furthermore, our estimates of daily betaine, choline and folate intakes were well in line with other studies in western population (Melse-Boonstra et al, 2002;Shaw et al, 2004;Brink et al, 2005;Fischer et al, 2005;Larsson et al, 2005;Slow et al, 2005;Cho et al, 2006). Therefore we feel confident that the estimated intakes of betaine, choline and folate in our study are reliable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women

et al. 2007

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Objective: To investigate the association between dietary intakes of folate, betaine and choline and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design: Prospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 16 165 women aged 49-70 years without prior CVD. Subjects were breast cancer screening participants in the PROSPECT-EPIC cohort, which is 1 of the 2 Dutch contributions to the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Each participant completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. Folate intake was calculated with the Dutch National Food Database. Betaine and choline intakes were calculated with the USDA database containing choline and betaine contents of common US foods. Data on coronary heart disease (CHD) events and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) events morbidity data were obtained from the Dutch Centre for Health Care Information. Results: During a median follow-up period of 97 months, 717 women were diagnosed with CVD. After adjustment, neither folate, nor betaine, nor choline intakes were associated with CVD (hazard ratios for highest versus lowest quartile were 1.23 (95% confidence interval 0.75; 2.01), 0.90 (0.69; 1.17), 1.04 (0.71; 1.53), respectively). In a subsample of the population, high folate and choline intakes were statistically significantly associated with lower homocysteine levels. High betaine intake was associated with slightly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: Regular dietary intakes of folate, betaine and choline were not associated with CVD risk in post-menopausal Dutch women. However, the effect of doses of betaine and choline beyond regular dietary intake -for example, via supplementation or fortification -remains unknown.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women

et al. 2007

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“…Human population studies show that a high dietary folate intake is associated with a diminished risk of colorectal cancer [1][2][3] and, possibly, of cancers of the breast [4][5][6], uterine cervix [7][8][9], lung [10,11], esophagus and pancreas [12] as well. The inverse association between folate status and the risk for carcinogenesis is thought to be explained by the role of folate coenzymes in providing one-carbon moieties for nucleotide and S-adenosylmethionine (via methionine) synthesis [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate folate depletion modulates the expression of selected genes involved in cell cycle, intracellular signaling and folate uptake in human colonic epithelial cell lines

Crott

Liu

Keyes

et al. 2008

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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Folate deficiency may affect gene expression by disrupting DNA methylation patterns or by inducing base substitution, DNA breaks, gene deletions and gene amplification. Changes in expression may explain the inverse relationship observed between folate status and risk of colorectal cancer. Three cell lines derived from the normal human colon, HCEC, NCM356 and NCM460, were grown for 32-34 days in media containing 25, 50, 75 or 150 nM folic acid, and the expression of genes involved in cell-cycle checkpoints, intracellular signaling, folate uptake and cell adhesion and migration was determined. Expression of Folate Receptor 1 was increased with decreasing media folate in all cell lines, as was p53, p21, p16 and β-catenin. With decreasing folate, the expression of both E-cadherin and SMAD-4 was decreased in NCM356. APC was elevated in NCM356 but unchanged in the other lines. No changes in global methylation were detected. A significant increase in p53 exon 7-8 strand breaks was observed with decreasing folate in NCM460 cells. The changes observed are consistent with DNA damage-induced activation of cell-cycle checkpoints and cellular adaptation to folate depletion. Folate-depletion-induced changes in the Wnt/APC pathway as well as in genes involved in cell adhesion, migration and invasion may underlie observed relationships between folate status and cancer risk.

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“…In contrast, another study showed that total folate intake was associated with reduced cancer risk in the colon, but a twofold increased cancer risk in the rectum, although these results were not statistically significant (Glynn et al, 1996). However, several other studies reported consistent results: the association was significant in colon cancer, but not in rectal cancer (Wei et al, 2003;Larsson et al, 2005). In addition, previous studies indicated that the protective effects of vegetables were restricted to the left colon (Boutron-Ruault et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Many recent studies conducted in North America (Le Marchand et al, 2005;Wei et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006), Europe Brink et al, 2005;Larsson et al, 2005;Norat et al, 2005;Ravasco et al, 2005;de Vogel et al, 2006;Ferrari et al, 2007;Guerreiro et al, 2007;Mas et al, 2007), Japan (Matsuo et al, 2005;Otani et al, 2005;Ishihara et al, 2007) and China (Jiang et al, 2005) evaluated the association between folate intake and the risk of CRC. Findings seem to differ somewhat according to ethnic group (Satia-Abouta et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folate intake and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Korean population

Kim

Lee

et al. 2009

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background: Folate, a water-soluble B vitamin and one of the major micronutrients in vegetables, is known as an essential factor for the de novo biosynthesis of purines and thymidylate, and it plays an important role in DNA synthesis and replication. Thus, folate deficiency results in ineffective DNA synthesis, and has been shown to induce the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, the incidence of CRC in Korea has increased markedly in both men and women; this trend may be related to the adoption of a more 'westernized' lifestyle, including dietary habits. Objective: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to examine the relationship between folate intake and the risk of CRC within a Korean population. Methods: A total of 596 cases and 509 controls, aged 30À79 years, were recruited from two university hospitals. Site-and sexspecific odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Cases were more frequently found to have a family history of CRC among first-degree relatives, to consume more alcohol, to be more likely current smokers and less likely to participate in vigorous physical activity than the controls. In the overall data for men and women combined, multivariate ORs (95% confidence interval (CI), P for trend) comparing the highest vs the lowest quartile of dietary folate intake were: 0.47 (0.32-0.69, o0.001) for CRC, 0.42 (0.26-0.69, o0.001) for colon cancer and 0.48 (0.28-0.81, 0.007) for rectal cancer. An inverse association was also found in women with dietary folate intake: 0.36 (0.20-0.64, o0.001) for CRC, 0.34 (0.16-0.70, 0.001) for colon cancer and 0.30 (0.12-0.74, 0.026) for rectal cancer, but not in men. In addition, the total folate intake of women was strongly associated with a reduced risk of rectal cancer (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17-0.88; P for trend ¼ 0.04). Conclusion: We found a statistically significant relationship between higher dietary folate intake and reduced risk of CRC, colon cancer and rectal cancer in women. A significant association is indicated between higher total folate intake and reduced risk of rectal cancer in women.

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A Prospective Study of Dietary Folate Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Modification by Caffeine Intake and Cigarette Smoking

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women

Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women

Moderate folate depletion modulates the expression of selected genes involved in cell cycle, intracellular signaling and folate uptake in human colonic epithelial cell lines

Folate intake and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Korean population

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