A Prospective Study of Cognitive Function and Onset of Dementia in Cognitively Healthy Elders

Rubin, Eugene H.; Storandt, Martha; Miller, J. Philip; Kinscherf, Dorothy A.; Grant, Elizabeth; Morris, John C.; Berg, Leonard van den

doi:10.1001/archneur.55.3.395

Cited by 286 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Numerous studies have now shown that subtle cognitive changes can precede the diagnosis of AD by a few years or more (Bäckman et al, 2001;Bondi et al, 1994Bondi et al, , 1995Bondi et al, , 1999Chen et al, 2001;Lange et al, 2002;Linn et al, 1995;Masur et al, 1994;Rubin et al, 1998;Small et al, 1998Small et al, , 2000Smith et al, 1998). As Sliwinski and colleagues (1996) have shown, the inclusion of such individuals with preclinical AD in a normative sample leads to an underestimate of the mean, an overestimate of the variance, and an overestimate of the effect of age on a given cognitive measure, all of which reduces the sensitivity of the measure for detecting mild impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease in the very-old: Discrepancies in raw vs. standardized scores

Bondi

Houston

Salmon

et al. 2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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The profiles of neuropsychological deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Young-Old (M age < 70) and Very-Old (M age > 80) patients were compared, along with possible modifying effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on these profiles. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to the two AD patient groups (Young-Old: n = 33; VeryOld: n = 48) and their respective age-matched normal control (NC) groups who remained free of dementia on follow-up examinations over a 1 to 10 year period (Young-Old: n = 43; Very-Old: n = 36). AD and NC groups did not differ in education levels or gender distributions. Young-Old AD and Very-Old AD groups were comparable in education, gender, dementia severity, and disease duration. Results showed that both AD groups achieved comparable raw scores on all the neuropsychological measures. However, when scores were standardized on the basis of performance of their respective NC groups (i.e., age-corrected z scores), Very-Old AD patients significantly outperformed Young-Old AD patients on tests of executive functions, visuospatial skills, and delayed memory. Furthermore, the relationship between age and memory and executive function deficits in AD was modified by APOE genotype. These data suggest that the profile of neuropsychological deficits associated with AD in the Very-Old lacks the disproportionate saliency of episodic memory and executive function deficits typical of the Young-Old.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease in the very-old: Discrepancies in raw vs. standardized scores

Bondi

Houston

Salmon

et al. 2003

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Although memory decline has been a focus (Elias et al, 2000;Grober et al, 2000;Kawas et al, 2003;Linn et al, 1995;Rubin et al, 1998), other domains of cognition also show rapid decline in comparison to those who do not develop AD . Defining the nature and timing of cognitive changes in AD is important for several reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most longitudinal studies, memory measures are better predictors of subsequent AD than executive function tests (Devanand et al, 1997;Elias et al, 2000;Linn et al, 1995;Masur et al, 1994;Rubin et al, 1998) though this point is somewhat controversial (Chen et al, 2001;Fabrigoule et al, 1998;Rapp & Reischies, 2005;Royall et al, 2004). In these prospective studies, cognitive scores at the time of a baseline assessment are used to predict the onset of dementia at future times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

Grober

Hall

Lipton

et al. 2008

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

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In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we examined the temporal unfolding of declining performance on tests of episodic memory (Free Recall on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test), executive function (Category Fluency, Letter Fluency, and Trails), and Verbal Intelligence (Nelson, 1982; American Version of the Nelson Adult Reading Test [AMNART] ) before the diagnosis of dementia in 92 subjects with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) followed for up to 15 years before diagnosis. To examine the preclinical onset of cognitive decline, we aligned subjects at the time of initial AD diagnosis and examined the cognitive course preceding diagnosis. We found that declines in performance on tests of episodic memory accelerated 7 years before diagnosis. Declining performance on tests of executive function accelerated 2-3 years before diagnosis, and verbal intelligence declined in close proximity to diagnosis. This cognitive profile is compatible with pathologic data suggesting that structures which mediate memory are affected earlier than frontal structures during the preclinical onset of AD. It also supports the view that VIQ as estimated by the AMNART does not decline during the preclinical onset of AD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 266-278.)

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“…Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 21(1):64-72, jan-fev, 2005 As mudanças cognitivas precoces relacionadas ao início de demência e as mudanças do envelhecimento normais foram acompanhadas por Rubin et al 3 . Os seus achados mostraram que pessoas idosas normais mantêm desempenho cognitivo estável quando medidos de forma longitudinal por avaliação clínica cuidadosa e testagem cognitiva repetida.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Habilidades cognitivas em indivíduos muito idosos: um estudo longitudinal

2005

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Longitudinal studies of older seniors (over 80 years) IntroduçãoAo longo dos últimos anos, a população brasileira vem passando por um processo de transição demográfica, caracterizado pelo aumento da população idosa. O envelhecimento da população brasileira é um fenômeno crescente que necessita ser mais estudado, a fim de assegurar uma melhor qualidade de vida para essa população.O processo de envelhecimento pode ser acompanhado pelo declínio das capacidades tanto físicas, como cognitivas dos idosos, de acordo com suas características de vida. Schaie 1 , em um estudo longitudinal da população geral acima de sessenta anos, observou que nenhum dos participantes do estudo evidenciou um declínio generalizado em todas as habilidades cognitivas examinadas. Constatou-se que o declínio desencadeado pelo envelhecimento incidiu, especialmente, nas tarefas que exigiam rapidez, atenção, concentração e raciocínio indutivo.Para Gorman & Campbell 2 , o déficit cognitivo em idosos consiste em lentidão leve, generalizada e perda de precisão, quando estes são comparados com pessoas mais jovens, e pode ser medido por testes objetivos que relacionem situações do cotidiano. Um nível educacional elevado mostrou-se, segundo esses autores, preventivo para o embotamento do estado mental durante o envelhecimento normal.

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A Prospective Study of Cognitive Function and Onset of Dementia in Cognitively Healthy Elders

Cited by 286 publications

References 32 publications

Neuropsychological deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease in the very-old: Discrepancies in raw vs. standardized scores

Neuropsychological deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease in the very-old: Discrepancies in raw vs. standardized scores

Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

Habilidades cognitivas em indivíduos muito idosos: um estudo longitudinal

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