A Prospective Study of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer in U.S. Men

Giovannucci, E; Rimm, E. B; Stampfer, M. J.; Colditz, Graham A.; Ascherio, Alberto; Kearney, John; Willett, W.C.

doi:10.1093/jnci/86.3.183

Cited by 237 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…Recent prospective studies have suggested a positive association between long-term and heavy smoking and colon cancer (Giovannucci et al, 1994;Hsing et al, 1998;Terry et al, 2001). In our present study, no significant association was observed in relation to the quantity of cigarettes smoked except for rectal cancer risk in men.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

et al. 2003

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Colorectal cancer incidence in relation to body size, smoking, and alcohol consumption was studied in a cohort of 29 051 city residents of Japan. In 1992, each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, drinking, cigarette smoking, diet, exercise, and reproductive and medical histories. The response rate was 92%. From 1993 to 2000, 161 men and 134 women were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at two major hospitals in the city. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using Cox proportional hazard models. A positive relation between height and colorectal cancer was seen in both sexes, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking habits, and years of education. The findings were statistically significant only for men (relative risk 2.13 for the tallest compared with the shortest height tertile; 95% confidence interval ¼ 1.26 -3.58). Body mass index was also associated positively with colon cancer risk for men, whereas the pattern for women was not clear. There was a positive association between pack-years of cigarette smoking and the risk of rectal cancer in men. A positive dose -response relation between alcohol consumption and colon cancer risk was observed for men and women.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

et al. 2003

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“…Thus, we could not evaluate smoking as a potential confounder or as an effect modifier. Data have been mixed on whether smoking is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer, 26,27 and if anything a higher risk is restricted to those who have smoked for several decades. Thus, it is unlikely that smoking is an important confounder of the association between acrylamide and colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective study of dietary acrylamide and risk of colorectal cancer among women

Mucci

Adami

Wolk

2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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There has been considerable discourse about whether exposure to acrylamide in foods could increase the risk of human cancer. Acrylamide is classified as a probable human carcinogen, and animal studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of tumors in rats exposed to very high levels. Still, epidemiologic data of the effect of dietary acrylamide remain scant. We have undertaken the first prospective study of acrylamide in food and risk of colon and rectal cancers using prospective data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort. The cohort comprised 61,467 women at baseline between 1987 and 1990. Through 2003, the cohort contributed 823,072 person-years, and 504 cases of colon and 237 of rectal cancer occurred. Mean intake of acrylamide through diet was 24.6 lg/day (Q25-70 5 18.7-29.9). Coffee (44%), fried potato products (16%), crisp bread (15%) and other breads (12%) were the greatest contributors. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no association between estimated acrylamide intake and colorectal cancer. Comparing extreme quintiles, the adjusted relative risks (95% CI; p for trend) were for colorectal cancer 0.9 (0.7-1.3; p 5 0.80), colon cancer 0.9 (0.6-1.4; p 5 0.83) and rectal cancer 1.0 (0.6-1.8; p 5 0.77). Furthermore, intake of specific food items with elevated acrylamide (e.g., coffee, crisp bread and fried potato products) was not associated with cancer risk. In this large prospective study, we found no evidence that dietary intake of acrylamide is associated with cancers of the colon or rectum. Epidemiologic studies play an important role in assessing the possible health effects of acrylamide intake through food. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…17 Our data on smoking duration corroborate with the observed long induction period of cigarettes in colorectal carcinogenesis as suggested by 2 previous American cohort studies. 18,19 Previous studies on smoking and large bowel cancer in Chinese yielded negative results. This might be due to the following reasons.…”

Section: Smoking Habitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, drinking and colorectal cancer in Hong Kong Chinese: A case‐control study

Ho¹,

Lam²,

Tse³

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Expert opinions differ on the causal role of cigarettes and alcohol in colorectal cancer. This study investigates such associations in Hong Kong Chinese. A hospital-based casecontrol study was conducted from April 1998 to March 2000. Newly diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma and sex-and age-matched inpatient controls without gastrointestinal and malignant conditions were included. Structured interviews were conducted using a validated questionnaire to study any association of smoking, drinking and the lifelong extent of such exposures with colorectal cancer risk. We successfully interviewed 822 cases and 926 controls. Current regular cigarette smokers had an increased rectal cancer risk (adjusted OR ‫؍‬ 1.44; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.001-2.06). Increasing tertiles of smoking duration in ever smokers was also associated with increased rectal cancer risk (p trend ‫؍‬ 0.038). An increased risk of colorectal cancer was found in current drinkers (adjusted OR ‫؍‬ 1.42; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.09 -1.85) and in those who drank > 4 days (current and ex-drinkers) or > 4 units (ever and ex-drinkers) weekly. Moreover, colorectal cancer risk was found to decrease with increasing duration of drinking abstention (p trend ‫؍‬ 0.006). This is the first report of a positive association between cigarette smoking and rectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Current drinkers and those who drank regularly and heavily had increased colorectal cancer risk. Moreover, this study is the first to show that drinking cessation could be effective in reversing such increased risk in a duration-dependent manner. These new findings are important for cancer prevention and healthcare promotion.

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A Prospective Study of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer in U.S. Men

Abstract: Our results highlight the need to intensify efforts to prevent smoking, especially among the young, and suggest a reduced threshold for screening for colorectal cancer among long-term smokers.

Cited by 237 publications

References 0 publications

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study

Prospective study of dietary acrylamide and risk of colorectal cancer among women

Smoking, drinking and colorectal cancer in Hong Kong Chinese: A case‐control study

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