A prospective reevaluation of transient ischemic attacks as a risk factor for death and fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events.

Howard, George; Evans, Gregory W.; Crouse, John R.; Toole, James F.; Ryu, Jae-In; Tegeler, Charles H.; Frye-Pierson, J; Mitchell, Erik T.; Sanders, Lauren

doi:10.1161/01.str.25.2.342

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In four early hospital-based cohorts [24,25,26,27] the annual rate of stroke was 2.2–5.0% over 4–5 years, which is similar to the risk of myocardial infarction (1.1–4.6%) over the same period. Again, there was a high risk of stroke in patients recruited early after the event in contrast to a steady background risk of acute coronary disease [25].…”

Section: Medium- and Long-term Prognosis After Tia And Strokementioning

confidence: 76%

Risk of Recurrent Stroke, Other Vascular Events and Dementia after Transient Ischaemic Attack and Stroke

Pendlebury

Rothwell²

2009

Cerebrovasc Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The early risk of recurrence after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke is high, ranging from 11% at 7 days in population-based studies, where patients are seen non-urgently, to 3% at 7 days in studies where patients are seen urgently in specialist services. In long-term (up to 10 years) studies of vascular risks after TIA and stroke, the risk of stroke is highest early after the event, and then falls, whereas the risk of coronary events is constant over the follow-up period at around 2% per year. In contrast to the early risk after TIA and stroke, the long-term risks are more dependent on the underlying vascular risk factors than the characteristics of the event itself. Stroke is also associated with an increased risk of dementia. Prevalence of post-stroke dementia varies between studies but is around 28% at 3 months in hospital-based studies where pre-stroke dementia was not excluded and 18% in hospital-based studies excluding pre-stroke dementia. Risk factors for post-stroke dementia include low education, prior or recurrent stroke, and older age. In conclusion, available data suggest that the risk of recurrent vascular events is considerable after TIA and stroke, even in the longer term, and that there is also a high risk of dementia after stroke. However, more studies are required to determine medium- and long-term outcomes in the current era of aggressive secondary preventive therapy.

show abstract

Section: Medium- and Long-term Prognosis After Tia And Strokementioning

confidence: 76%

Risk of Recurrent Stroke, Other Vascular Events and Dementia after Transient Ischaemic Attack and Stroke

Pendlebury

Rothwell²

2009

Cerebrovasc Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a recent review, 7-day risk of stroke following TIA varied between 0 % and 12.8 % [1]. Likewise, conflicting results can be found in the literature on long-term risk of stroke and mortality following TIA or minor stroke in population-based cohorts [2,3] and consecutive hospital admissions [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, most of these studies included only low patient numbers resulting in wide confidence intervals or date back to the 1970s or 1980s when secondary prevention was still limited and widely underused.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term mortality and risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…11,12 On the other hand, transient ischemic attack has proved to be a risk factor for myocardial infarction. 13 Therefore, dipyridamole stress tests to estimate coronary flow reserve are often performed in patients highly at risk for cerebrovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular accidents during dipyridamole stress tests have been reported. 14,15 These accidents were attributed to regional cerebral perfusion changes due to intracranial vascular "steal" phenomenon caused by its vasodilator action.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Intravenous Dipyridamole on Cerebral Blood Flow in Humans

Ito

Kinoshita

Tamura

et al. 1999

Stroke

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Purpose-Dipyridamole increases the concentration of circulating adenosine, which is a potent vasodilator, by inhibition of uptake of adenosine into the erythrocytes, and hence produces coronary vasodilation. However, the effects of dipyridamole on cerebral circulation is not pronounced. This study investigates the effects of intravenous dipyridamole on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans with use of positron emission tomography (PET). Methods-In each of 13 healthy subjects, CBF was measured using 15 O-labeled water and PET at rest and during hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and dipyridamole stress; corresponding CBF values were then compared. Results-CBF values during dipyridamole stress were significantly lower than those measured at rest. The dipyridamole stress PaCO 2 was also significantly lower than the resting PaCO 2 . The change in CBF during dipyridamole stress relative to PaCO 2 closely followed the relationship between CBF and PaCO 2 during hypocapnia. Conclusions-These results indicate that the observed decrease in CBF during dipyridamole stress was caused by a decrease in PaCO 2 rather than by any direct action of dipyridamole on CBF. The decrease in PaCO 2 during dipyridamole stress was most likely due to hyperventilation, which was a side effect of adenosine. These results support the hypothesis that circulating adenosine is largely prevented from binding to adenosine receptors of cerebral vessels by the blood-brain barrier. (Stroke. 1999;30:1616-1620.)

show abstract

A prospective reevaluation of transient ischemic attacks as a risk factor for death and fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events.

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Risk of Recurrent Stroke, Other Vascular Events and Dementia after Transient Ischaemic Attack and Stroke

Risk of Recurrent Stroke, Other Vascular Events and Dementia after Transient Ischaemic Attack and Stroke

Long-term mortality and risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack

Effect of Intravenous Dipyridamole on Cerebral Blood Flow in Humans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About