A prospective, masked, randomized, controlled superiority study comparing the incidence of corneal injury following general anesthesia in dogs with two methods of corneal protection

Ioannides, Joy; Parker, Josie; Kumaratunga, Vim; Preston, Juliette; Donaldson, David S.; McFarlane, Paul N.; Hartley, Claudia

doi:10.1111/vop.12991

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Polyethylene eye covers are utilized in human ICU settings, with one veterinary study reporting use of lenses in envenomated cats and dogs undergoing MV ( 5 , 109 ). Further investigation of protective ocular equipment and their use in veterinary patients is required ( 110 , 111 ). Development of blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, mucoid discharge and episcleral congestion should prompt clinicians to investigate and escalate ocular care.…”

Section: Ancillary Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical ventilation in snake envenomation of dogs and cats

Morris¹,

Donaldson²

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Envenomation by snakes in Elapidae and Viperidae families have been associated with respiratory failure in dogs and cats. Mechanical ventilation may be required for hypoventilation due to neuromuscular paralysis or hypoxemia due to pulmonary hemorrhage or aspiration pneumonia. Median incidence of dogs and cats with snake envenomation that require mechanical ventilation is 13% (0.06–40%). Standard treatment of snake envenomation in dogs and cats includes prompt administration of appropriate antivenom and management of envenomation complications such as coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. When mechanical ventilation is required, overall prognosis is good with appropriate treatment. Standard anesthetic protocols and mechanical ventilator settings are generally appropriate, with lung protective ventilation strategies typically reserved for patients with pulmonary disease. Median survival to discharge for cats and dogs with elapid envenomation is 72% (76–84%) with 33 h (19.5–58 h) median duration of mechanical ventilation and 140 h (84–196 h) median hospitalization. This article reviews indications for mechanical ventilation in cats and dogs with snake envenomation, and discusses ventilator settings, anesthetic and nursing considerations, complications and outcomes specific to this disease.

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Section: Ancillary Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical ventilation in snake envenomation of dogs and cats

Morris¹,

Donaldson²

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…ICU hospitalization ( 99 ) and general anesthesia ( 100 ) have been associated with decreased tear production in dogs. In addition to decreased tear production, chemosis may develop in patients immobilized for long periods and can contribute to lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy ( 98 ).…”

Section: Management Of the Ventilated Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current recommendations are that ocular care be performed every 2 h and encompass gentle cleaning with saline-soaked swabs and administration of artificial tears ( 70 , 98 ). In a population of healthy anesthetized dogs, no difference in the incidence of corneal ulceration was found when the use of artificial tears alone was compared to administration of artificial tears and closure of the eyelids with tape ( 100 ). Fluorescein stain should be administered daily to evaluate both the presence and/or progression of corneal ulcers ( 70 ).…”

Section: Management Of the Ventilated Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical ventilation in dogs and cats with tick paralysis

O'Keeffe¹,

Donaldson²

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Respiratory failure from tick paralysis (TP) is an important cause of mortality in cats and dogs in Australia, occurring from a combination of respiratory muscle paralysis, upper respiratory tract obstruction and pulmonary disease. Patients may require positive-pressure ventilation in management of any combination of hypoxemia, hypoventilation or respiratory fatigue, but may also require airway management due to laryngeal paralysis. No single ventilation strategy is recommended due to the heterogenous disease presentations. Lung protective ventilation should be used in patients with pulmonary disease. Due to local and systemic effects of TP, patients are at higher risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia and corneal ulceration and may have additional intravenous fluid and nutritional considerations. Treatment with hyperimmune serum is associated with improved outcomes. Prognosis is considered good with documented survival to discharge (STD) of 52.6–77% for animals with TP ventilated with lung disease and 90.5% for animals without lung disease. Median reported duration of ventilation for TP ranges from 23 to 48 h (range 3 h−10 days). The severity of individual neuromuscular signs and the presence of associated conditions such as aspiration pneumonia and laryngeal paralysis may necessitate longer periods of mechanical ventilation. This review aims to summarize the current recommendations regarding indications, management and prognosis of cats and dogs undergoing MV for TP and to identify areas for future research.

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“…In dogs, the incidence of corneal abrasion is reported to be between 1.9% and 20%, with anaesthesia duration reported as an exacerbating factor, in particular, if longer than approximately 2 hours 6,13–16 . Corneal epithelial defects are reported to heal rapidly, while occurrence of severe corneal ulceration remains rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequently reported protective measure against corneal drying and abrasion is the application of eye gel or ointment. However, no comparison studies have been performed and the frequency of application as well as the nature of the ointment have been insufficiently investigated 6,16 . Eye taping (applying tape to closed eyelids) is often reported in humans, but not in anaesthetised animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral corneal ulceration in a cat after general anaesthesia

Thenhaus‐Schnabel,

Bilotta,

Watte

et al. 2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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General anaesthesia is accompanied by a loss of the blink reflex, decreased tear production, inability to close the eye and decreased stability of the tear film. Protection of the eye with corneal lubricant is standard during general anaesthesia, but clear recommendations are missing. Moreover, the anaesthetic event may trigger other factors that increase susceptibility to corneal ulceration. In this case report, we describe a clinical case of bilateral corneal ulceration in a cat following general anaesthesia. We discuss how our practice may be improved, and examine the possibility that feline herpes virus resurgence during veterinary care may be a risk factor for corneal lesions.

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A prospective, masked, randomized, controlled superiority study comparing the incidence of corneal injury following general anesthesia in dogs with two methods of corneal protection

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Mechanical ventilation in snake envenomation of dogs and cats

Mechanical ventilation in snake envenomation of dogs and cats

Mechanical ventilation in dogs and cats with tick paralysis

Bilateral corneal ulceration in a cat after general anaesthesia

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