A Prospective Comparison of Materials and Structures for Sports Graduated Compression Socks

Abstract

Compression socks have an effective role in the performance activity of athletes. This study aims to quantify the effect of fiber materials and structure on physical, mechanical, thermo-physiological, sensorial, and ergonomic comfort on sports graduated compression socks (SGCS). Two natural fibers, cotton and viscose, and two synthetic fibers, Coolmax and acrylic, were used to develop three different types of SGCS. Data have been analyzed by full factorial design of experiment. The finding exhibited that Coolmax-based socks have better moisture management and dimensional properties as compared with other materials. Acrylic-based SGCS are better to use in winter because of their higher thermal resistance, besides moderate moisture management. Moreover, it is verified that higher bursting strength is achieved by using higher-strength fibers. Additionally, it was observed that the effect of structure and material on desired properties without compromising compression/interface pressure is statistically significant. The overall properties of the developed stockings are better in terms of properties than market stockings. For all the socks, compression pressure between 15 and 20 mmHg, as per requirements of sports socks, was maintained. The effect of materials and structure on the aforementioned responses were examined using analysis of variance statistical analysis. The functional properties are greatly influenced by the material and structure. In this study, the comfort properties are considered to play a major functional role regarding usage by the end user. Its use not only maintained blood circulation by applying external pressure but also defended against unexpected harm or damage of vessels because of high pooling of blood during sports, running, or performance. This study will help to select suitable structure and materials for comfortable SGCS and is expected to fulfill the potential requirements of the athletes.