A prospective cohort study on the association between waterpipe tobacco smoking and gastric cancer mortality in Northern Vietnam

Le, Hung V.; Truong, Dung Thi Thuy; Tran, Long Bao; Le, Phuoc Hong; Pham, Binh Uyen Duong; Wada, Koji; Ikeda, Shunya; Garidkhuu, Ariuntuul; Phan, Can Van; Le, Ngoan Tran

doi:10.1186/s12885-022-09894-6

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…These new findings provide clear and convincing evidence of the overwhelming dangers of waterpipe smoking and its impact on potential premature death and loss of many years of life. This new finding has consistent with the previous results on the role of waterpipe smoking in the development of gastric cancer in Viet Nam 8 , 9 , 12 . The findings also supported the last observation in the United States and European Countries 6 , 7 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For the sample size, we designed the prospective cohort study 10 to examine the individual cancer site after the first decade of the following-up of stomach and colorectal cancers. The results have been published elsewhere for the association between waterpipe tobacco smoking and stomach cancer 9 . Therefore, the present study of all causes will have a reliable, strong power to detect the hazards of waterpipe smoking and the benefits of stopping smoking in men.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data on cooking methods included fermented foods, salty foods, fried fish, meats, eggs, barbecued meats, fish, others, grilled chicken and poultry, fish, and meat. The designed demographic lifestyle and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were validated 11 to be reliable regarding macronutrient intake and feasible data on smoking published elsewhere 8 , 9 , 12 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique feature of the waterpipe smoking in Vietnam is that the smoker uses the flame to burn it directly on the rounded and tight tobacco material, combined with maximum inhalation and depth 8 , 9 . In contrast, people use charcoal to produce smoke elsewhere to burn tobacco 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel hazards of waterpipe tobacco and the benefits of stop smoking in men, a prospective cohort study

Kieu

Phan

Tran

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Waterpipe smoking is an emerging epidemic and a severe public health problem worldwide. Observational studies on the hazards of a specific new waterpipe tobacco product are timely needed. The objectives were to analyze how dangerous waterpipe tobacco smoking is on the causes of all mortality, including cancer, and how effective smoking cessation is for improving health. We analyzed the hazards of exclusive waterpipe smoking through a prospective cohort study in Northern Vietnam. We obtained exposure data on the smoking status of specific cigarette and waterpipe and smoking cessation histories from each study participant. The outcome includes deaths due to all causes. The cause of death for each case is determined based on medical records. HR (95%CI) was estimated using a Cox proportional-hazards–regression analysis for overall mortality and all cancers. The ever-cigarette smoking group as the reference group, the exclusive waterpipe smoking group had a statistical increase in the risk for overall mortality HR (95% CI): 1.63 (1.32, 2.00), and all cancers HR (95%CI): 1.67 (1.18, 2.38). The risk of death increased statistically in the group of waterpipe smoking over 20 years for overall mortality HR (95%CI): 1.82 (1.45, 2.29), and all cancers HR (95%CI): 1.91 (1.27, 2.88). After stopping smoking, the risk of death decreased steadily. The risk of death was reduced by 41% for overall mortality HR (95%CI): 0.59 (0.39, 0.89), and 74% for death from cancers HR (95%CI): 0.26 (0.08, 0.83) after ten years or longer of cessation. Life expectancy was shortened by more than six years for the group of exclusive waterpipe smokers compared to non-smokers. This study found new novel hazards of exclusive waterpipe tobacco smoking. The findings are scientific evidence for developing strategies, policies, and budget allocations to control this novel tobacco product and promote cessation to improve life expectancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel hazards of waterpipe tobacco and the benefits of stop smoking in men, a prospective cohort study

Kieu

Phan

Tran

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption has been shown to alter the gut microbiota composition and function, promoting the growth of harmful bacteria and reducing the abundance of bene cial bacteria (51). Alcohol has also been associated with an increased risk of H. pylori colonization and associated diseases.…”

Section: Lifestyle Modi Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and Diet Modifications: A Holistic Approach to Tackling Helicobacter pylori with the Help of the Gut Microbiota

Addissouky

Wang

Sayed

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Helicobacter pylori is a common gastrointestinal bacterium that can cause a range of diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The gut microbiota plays an important role in H. pylori colonization and associated diseases. Main body: Lifestyle factors, such as diet, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption, can impact the gut microbiota composition and function, and may influence the risk of H. pylori colonization and H. pylori-associated diseases. Strategies to promote gut health, such as a healthy diet, stress reduction, smoking cessation, alcohol moderation, regular exercise, adequate sleep, antibiotic stewardship, and probiotic supplementation, may help to reduce the risk of H. pylori colonization and enhance the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication therapy. Furthermore, the gut microbiota may also be a potential target for H. pylori eradication, and personalized treatment approaches based on individual patient characteristics may be necessary to optimize H. pylori eradication rates and reduce the risk of adverse effects. Conclusion Further research is needed to better understand the role of the gut microbiota in H. pylori eradication and to develop more effective treatment strategies. By promoting gut health and developing personalized treatment approaches, we may be able to reduce the burden of H. pylori-associated diseases and improve patient outcomes.

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Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Cancer Mortality

Le,

Phan,

Pham

et al. 2024

JAMA Oncol

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ImportanceThere has been an increasing trend of using noncigarette products, including waterpipe tobacco (WTP), worldwide. While cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for numerous cancers, little is known about the association between WTP smoking and cancer mortality.ObjectiveTo assess the association between WTP smoking and risk of cancer mortality in Vietnam.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was based on data from the Hanoi Prospective Cohort Study, an ongoing study with a median (range) follow-up of 11.0 (0.1-11.6) years for participants aged 15 years or older in Northern Vietnam from 2007 through 2019. Data were analyzed from June 1 to September 1, 2023.ExposuresTobacco smoking and WTP smoking statuses.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall and site-specific cancer mortality. Cox proportional regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CIs for the associations between WTP smoking alone, cigarette smoking alone, and dual WTP and cigarette smoking and the risk of cancer death.ResultsA total of 554 cancer deaths were identified among the 39 401 study participants (mean [SD] age, 40.4 [18.8] years; 20 616 females [52.3%]). In multivariable models, compared with never smokers, ever smokers had a significantly increased risk of cancer mortality (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.48-2.35). Exclusive WTP smokers had the highest risk of cancer mortality compared with never smokers (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.07-3.43). Risk of cancer mortality was higher for dual smokers of WTP and cigarettes (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.53-2.76) than for exclusive cigarette smokers (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.41-2.45). As most smokers (95.6% [8897 of 9312]) were male, these patterns were more apparent in male participants. Compared with never smokers, exclusive WTP smoking among males was associated with an elevated risk of death from liver cancer (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 2.25-6.85), lung cancer (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.08-5.88), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.27-6.12), and stomach cancer (HR, 4.11; 95% CI, 2.04-8.27). For exclusive WTP smokers, the risk of cancer mortality was highest among those who smoked 11 to 15 sessions per day (HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 2.03-5.75), started smoking at age 26 to 30 years (HR, 4.01; 95% CI, 2.63-6.11), smoked for 9 to 20 years (HR, 4.04; 95% CI, 2.16-7.56), and smoked 61 to 160 sessions annually (HR, 3.68; 95% CI, 2.38-5.71). For males, the risk of cancer death was lower for those who had quit smoking for more than 10 years, compared with those who quit smoking within 1 year (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.66; P for trend &lt; .001).Conclusion and RelevanceIn this cohort study in Vietnam, WTP smoking alone or in combination with cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of cancer death due to liver cancer, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and stomach cancer. A tailored program to control WTP smoking is warranted in Vietnam and low- and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of smoking and modest resources to address smoking-related issues.

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A prospective cohort study on the association between waterpipe tobacco smoking and gastric cancer mortality in Northern Vietnam

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Novel hazards of waterpipe tobacco and the benefits of stop smoking in men, a prospective cohort study

Novel hazards of waterpipe tobacco and the benefits of stop smoking in men, a prospective cohort study

Probiotics and Diet Modifications: A Holistic Approach to Tackling Helicobacter pylori with the Help of the Gut Microbiota

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Cancer Mortality

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