A Prospective Case‐Control Study of the Role of Astrovirus in Acute Diarrhea among Hospitalized Young Children

Dennehy, Penelope H.; Nelson, Sara M.; Spangenberger, Sara; Noel, Jacqueline S.; Monroe, Stephan S.; Glass, Roger I.

doi:10.1086/321007

Cited by 114 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While second only to rotavirus in the incidence of virally induced gastroenteritis in children (7), HAstVs are recognized as the leading cause of viral diarrhea in infants (27). Eight distinct HAstVs have been identified to date, with serotype 1 being the most prevalent worldwide (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astrovirus Coat Protein Inhibits Serum Complement Activation via C1, the First Component of the Classical Pathway

Bonaparte¹,

Hair

Banthia³

et al. 2008

J Virol

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Human astroviruses (HAstVs) belong to a family of nonenveloped, icosahedral RNA viruses that cause noninflammatory gastroenteritis, predominantly in infants. Eight HAstV serotypes have been identified, with a worldwide distribution. While the HAstVs represent a significant public health concern, very little is known about the pathogenesis of and host immune response to these viruses. Here we demonstrate that HAstV type 1 (HAstV-1) virions, specifically the viral coat protein (CP), suppress the complement system, a fundamental component of the innate immune response in vertebrates. HAstV-1 virions and purified CP both suppress hemolytic complement activity. Hemolytic assays utilizing sera depleted of individual complement factors as well as adding back purified factors demonstrated that HAstV CP suppresses classical pathway activation at the first component, C1. HAstV-1 CP bound the A chain of C1q and inhibited serum complement activation, resulting in decreased C4b, iC3b, and terminal C5b-9 formation. Inhibition of complement activation was also demonstrated for HAstV serotypes 2 to 4, suggesting that this phenomenon is a general feature of these human pathogens. Since complement is a major contributor to the initiation and amplification of inflammation, the observed CP-mediated inhibition of complement activity may contribute to the lack of inflammation associated with astrovirus-induced gastroenteritis. Although diverse mechanisms of inhibition of complement activation have been described for many enveloped animal viruses, this is the first report of a nonenveloped icosahedral virus CP inhibiting classical pathway activation at C1.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astrovirus Coat Protein Inhibits Serum Complement Activation via C1, the First Component of the Classical Pathway

Bonaparte¹,

Hair

Banthia³

et al. 2008

J Virol

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“…Although studies have shown that nosocomial gastroenteritis can be caused by several different viruses such as norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus, many studies have revealed that the most common cause in children is rotavirus. In European countries, rotavirus was responsible for 31%-87% of cases of pediatric nosocomial gastroenteritis [3,10,11]. Another study reported that 21% of all patients with nosocomial gastroenteritis were infected with rotavirus [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis on the length of hospital stay and cost

Gündeşli̇oğlu

Tekin

Çevik

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: In this study, the goal was to evaluate the impact of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in pediatric patients by determining the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis, the resulting duration of hospital stay, and direct cost. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Turkey that evaluates the impact of pediatric nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis on duration of hospital stay and calculates the direct cost. Methodology: Forty-nine patients who were diagnosed with nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis and hospitalized were included in the study. Nosocomial infection rates, organ systems affected by the nosocomial infections, and patients who had nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis were identified. A direct cost analysis of patients who were diagnosed with nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis was performed using copies of the invoices for the hospital bills. Results: During the study period, there were 49 cases of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis. The length of hospitalization was extended, on average, by more than 6.3 days in cases of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis. The cost of hospitalization for patients with nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis was on average 1,554 ± 2,067 US dollars, compared to a cost of only 244 ± 103 US dollars for patients who did not have nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis. This difference in cost was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis is important because it significantly prolongs hospital stay and increases the social and economic burden of the hospitalization. Nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis can be reduced with prevention measures such as handwashing, isolation, and cohorting.

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“…Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the pathogens most frequently identified in WRD due to shellfish consumption, is considered of special concern in other countries in relation to its possible exposure through shellfish consumption (Su & Liu 2007). Astrovirus is worthy of attention as it is an etiological agent responsible for gastroenteritis as a cause of acute diarrhea in hospitalized children ,10 years old during a 5-year period in the United States (Dennehy et al 2001;Colomba et al 2006). …”

Section: Wrds and Agricultural Products Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-related diseases outbreaks reported in Italy

Blasi

Carere

Pompa

et al. 2008

Journal of Water and Health

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Water related disease outbreak (WRDO) statistics in Italy from 1998 to 2005 have been discussed in this paper. The true incidence of WRDO is not reflected in the National Surveillance System (NSS), although this study has provided information on pathogens associated to different water WRDs. An adequate WRDs Surveillance System should be based on connection between health and environmental authorities, priority pathogens and critical areas identification, response capability and contingency plans.

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A Prospective Case‐Control Study of the Role of Astrovirus in Acute Diarrhea among Hospitalized Young Children

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

Human Astrovirus Coat Protein Inhibits Serum Complement Activation via C1, the First Component of the Classical Pathway

Human Astrovirus Coat Protein Inhibits Serum Complement Activation via C1, the First Component of the Classical Pathway

The effects of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis on the length of hospital stay and cost

Water-related diseases outbreaks reported in Italy

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