A Proposed Waterpipe Emissions Topography Protocol Reflecting Natural Environment User Behaviour

Abstract

Usage of waterpipes is growing in popularity around the world. Limited waterpipe natural environment topography data reduces the ability of the research community to accurately assess emissions and user exposure to toxicants. A portable ergonomic waterpipe monitor was provided to study participants to use every time they smoked their own waterpipe during a one-week monitoring period in conjunction with their own choice shisha tobacco. Users provided demographic information and logged their product use to supplement electronic monitor data. A total of 44 prospective study participants were invited to an intake appointment following an on-line pre-screening survey. Of these, 34 individuals were invited to participate in the study and data for 24 individuals who completed all aspects of the 1-week monitoring protocol is presented. 7493 puffs were observed during 74 waterpipe sessions accumulating over 48 h of waterpipe usage. The 95% CI on mean puff flow rate, duration, volume and interval are presented, yielding grand means of 243 [mL/s], 3.5 [s], 850 [mL], and 28 [s] respectively. The middle 95% of puff flow rates ranged between 62 to 408 [mL/s], durations from 0.8 to 6.8 [s], and puff volumes from 87 to 1762 [mL]. A waterpipe emissions topography protocol consisting of 13 flow conditions is proposed to reflect 93% of the observed range of puff flow rate, puff duration and puff volume with representative inter-puff interval, cumulative session time and aerosol volumes.

A proposed cigarette emissions topography protocol reflecting smokers’ natural environment use behavior

“…The triangles are denoted by the red lines and uniquely named by the number in square brackets. For example, triangle [ 9 ] is composed of nodes 6, 7, 9 while triangle [ 16 ] is composed of nodes 10, 13, 12. The entire area enclosed by the triangles represents 100% of the range of all puffs exhibited in a data set.…”

“…An empirical model of tobacco product emissions was used to investigate the joint impact of user topography [ 11 ] and tobacco product characteristics on electronic cigarette emissions [ 12 , 13 ] and water pipe tobacco products [ 14 – 16 ]. The empirical model is introduced here for combustible cigarettes.…”

Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions

“…Incense-burning and aroma products are not widely prohibited worldwide, as some countries still use them extensively [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In principle, smoking is prohibited in some countries, but this is still not fully obeyed in a large portion of the globe, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], where tobacco smoking (mainly cigarettes and shisha, which is also known as waterpipe, hookah, narghile, or narghila) is still experienced in homes, restaurants, vehicles, malls, government buildings, and offices; shisha smoking is still widely allowed in coffee shops and offered to teenagers [22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Alternatively, other forms of smoking (e.g., IQOS, e-cigarettes, vaping, etc.)…”