A proposed modelling towards the potential impacts of climate change on a semi-arid, small-scaled aquifer: a case study of Iran

An overview of the methods for evaluating the resilience of groundwater systems

“…In the contemporary era, human and climate change are simultaneously affecting aquifers, such that separating their influence is a difficult task even though a few studies exist which have evaluated aquifers without pumping wells [54] , [95] , [96] , [97] . As an illustration, the Central Valley aquifer was stated to have moderate resilience, which was related to the ineffective recovery from the 2011 drought [78] ; however, that moderate resilience was deteriorated due to excessive groundwater extraction and rapid groundwater depletion during drought [17] .…”

“…Otherwise, global pre-downscaled climate data sets may be used in such a case [98] . Even if adequate climatic data might be accessible, the climate system is non-linear, and hence, its projection is difficult, especially in regard to precipitation in comparison with temperature [54] . Forecasting a drought period is also difficult, especially in long time spans in the future [100] .…”