A Proposed Definition for Vector Correlation in Geophysics: Theory and Application

Crosby, David S.; Breaker, Laurence C.; Gemmill, William H.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0355:apdfvc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 116 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…For the calculation, April-October daily wind and sea-ice drift vectors are averaged into yearly means, and the resulting time series are then correlated at each grid point using a vector correlation 45 . According to the method, the two vector time series are perfectly correlated if the magnitudes of the vectors are related by a constant factor and their directions by a constant offset 45 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of heterogeneous variability and trends in Antarctic sea-ice

et al. 2015

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While the Northern Hemisphere sea-ice has uniformly declined over the past several decades, the observed sea-ice in the Southern Hemisphere has exhibited regions of increase and decrease. Here we use a comprehensive set of ocean-sea-ice simulations (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) to elucidate the drivers of the observed heterogeneous sea-ice trends. We show wind variability is an important determinant of the heterogeneous pattern of the variability and trends in Southern Hemisphere sea-ice. Only in the West Pacific region does Southern Annular Mode wind forcing contribute significantly to the trend in sea-ice duration. El Niño Southern Oscillation wind forcing contribution to the sea-ice duration trend is confined to the Atlantic and Pacific. In the Indian Ocean, weather is a significant driver of the sea-ice duration trend. Only in the East Pacific region is wind forcing alone insufficient to give rise to the observed sea-ice decline and must be augmented by warming to reproduce the observations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of heterogeneous variability and trends in Antarctic sea-ice

et al. 2015

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“…[16] Table 2 also shows the vector correlation obtained between observed and modeled time series following Crosby et al [1993] and Kundu [1976] statistics (see Appendix A for a description of these statistics). On the basis of Crosby statistics, the station with larger correlation for all products is Silleiro followed by Bares.…”

Section: Mean Wind and Principal Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31] Figure 16 shows point-to-point vector correlations r 2 [Crosby et al, 1993] between scatterometer winds and daily model winds interpolated onto the QuikSCAT grid. Wind vectors lower than 1 m s À1 were not used in the correlation analyses in order to avoid the large directional ambiguity inherent of weak winds [Austin and Pierson, 1999].…”

Section: Comparison With Quikscat Scatterometermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensification of winds at Bares and the reduction of winds at Peñas could be influenced by the presence of land and maybe to the Figure 16. Maps of the single-point Crosby et al [1993] vector correlations between QuikSCAT derived winds and modeled winds. A simple neighborhood averaging of the image was applied using a 3 Â 3 kernel.…”

Section: Downwelling Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlation decreases in the nearshore region in both models, especially on the western region, indicating that model winds miss details on wind structure. Close to the coast, especially around capes or islands, vector correlations are expected to degrade [Crosby et al, 1993]. Moreover, the semidiurnal sampling rate of QuikSCAT does not allow resolving highfrequency processes (diurnal, inertial, and semidiurnal) that, as we saw in section 3.1.4, contribute to the observed and modeled wind spectra, especially during early autumn.…”

Section: Comparison With Quikscat Windsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind forcing of the coastal circulation off north and northwest Iberia: Comparison of atmospheric models

Otero-Tranchero

Ruiz-Villarreal

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Comparisons between observed winds and winds from reanalysis (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 1 and 2) and forecast meteorological models (High-Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM)-Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 0.2°and Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model version 5-MeteoGalicia with 30 km and 10 km resolution) have been performed for the coastal region around northwest and north Iberia during a typical autumn downwelling period (SeptemberDecember 2002). Observations at buoys and coastal stations and QuikSCAT-derived winds were employed. The analyzed period was dominated by southerly and southwesterly winds associated to the passage of low-pressure systems. Our results show that the westward component is higher on the north coast than on the west coast and that winds are intensified at the western north coast. In this situation, the performance is similar in all model products in general terms, but only HIRLAM represents the reduction of winds in the Cantabrian Sea and NCEP and MM5 overestimate the magnitude of southsouthwest winds. Spatial differences in winds are also obtained for upwelling favorable events, associated either with a high-pressure system north from Iberia at the beginning of the autumn transition (northeasterly winds) or with conditions after the passage of a lowpressure system (northwesterly winds). The existence of sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in the coastal region implies that higher-resolution boundary SST products for meteorological models are necessary. Finally, the effect of these wind products on the coastal circulation was assessed with a 3-D numerical simulation. Differences in the expansion/confinement of river plumes and the surface speed of the slope current are induced by differences in wind patterns over the shelf and slope area among atmospheric models.Citation: Otero, P., and M. Ruiz-Villarreal (2008), Wind forcing of the coastal circulation off north and northwest Iberia: Comparison of atmospheric models,

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Short‐term upwelling events at the western African coast related to synoptic atmospheric structures as derived from satellite observations

2014

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[1] Satellite scatterometers provide continuously valuable surface wind speed and direction estimates over the global ocean on a regular grid both in space and time. The Level 3 data derived from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), available at 1/4 spatial resolution (hereafter AS25), and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), available on 1/2 and 1/4 horizontal grids (QS50 and QS25, respectively), are studied at regional scales in both the Benguela and Canary upwelling systems. They are compared to the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast surface wind analysis, with insight into their intrinsic and actual spatial resolutions. In the coastal band, the finest spatial patterns are found in the QS25 winds and are O(75 km). This demonstrates the sensitivity of the high-resolution satellite-derived winds to coastal processes related to sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations and land-sea transition. Next, short-lived upwelling episodes (SUEs) calculated from SST anomalies are defined consistently with the QS25 actual resolution. These cold events refer to local, short-lived perturbations that add to seasonal upwelling variability. We characterize concomitant atmospheric synoptic conditions for SUEs identified at chosen latitudes and highlight two subregions in both upwelling systems, with contrasted patterns for the alongshore wind stress component and curl. The complexity of the latter patterns is closely linked to local, short-term SST variability. Closer to the shore, numerical sensitivity experiments show that the imbalance between Ekman transport and Ekman pumping has an impact on ocean dynamics: wind reduction in the coastal QS25 forcing, partially induced by orography, tends to reduce coastal SST cooling.

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A Proposed Definition for Vector Correlation in Geophysics: Theory and Application

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Sources of heterogeneous variability and trends in Antarctic sea-ice

Sources of heterogeneous variability and trends in Antarctic sea-ice

Wind forcing of the coastal circulation off north and northwest Iberia: Comparison of atmospheric models

Short‐term upwelling events at the western African coast related to synoptic atmospheric structures as derived from satellite observations

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