A proposal for a new classification of soleus muscle morphology

Olewnik, Łukasz; Zielinska, Nicol; Paulsen, Friedrich; Podgórski, Michał; Haładaj, Robert; Karauda, Piotr; Polguj, Michał

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151584

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As confirmation of the first method, an additional measurement method was performed using the MultiScanBase 18.03 (Computer Scanning System II, Warsaw, Poland). The value and precision of this method have been confirmed in a previous study 17 , 18 , 20 , 25 – 29 .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 76%

A proposal for a new morphological classification of the popliteus muscle tendon with potential clinical and biomechanical significance

Olewnik

LaPrade

Paulsen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphological variations in the proximal attachments and create an accurate classification of the PPM for use in planning surgical procedures in this area, for evaluating radiological imaging and rehabilitation. One hundred and thirty-four lower limbs of body donors (52 woman and 82 man) fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined. The popliteus muscle was present in all 134 limbs. Four main types were identified with subtypes. The most common type was Type I (34.3%), characterized by a single tendon in the popliteus sulcus. Type II (30.6%) characterized by a main tendon in the popliteus sulcus and accessory bands. This type was divided into five subtypes (A–E) based on presence of specific accessory bands. Type III (15.3%) was characterized by two tendons in the popliteal sulcus. Type IV (19.4%) was characterized by two tendons in the popliteus sulcus and additional bands. This type was also divided into five subtypes (A–E) based on presence of specific accessory bands. The popliteofibular ligament was present in 90.3% of cases. A new classification based on a proximal attachment is proposed. The popliteus tendon is characterized by a very high morphological variability, which can affect posterolateral knee stability and the natural rotation of the tibia. Such a classification system may be useful for clinicians performing medical procedures within the knee joint, including orthopedic surgeons.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 76%

A proposal for a new morphological classification of the popliteus muscle tendon with potential clinical and biomechanical significance

Olewnik

LaPrade

Paulsen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The GM with the SM, is the main plantar flexor of the ankle joint [3,11]. The SM is also a powerful knee flexor [12]. It is not able to exert full power at both joints simultaneously, for example when the knee is flexed, GM is unable to generate as much force at the ankle [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The opposite is true when the ankle is flexed. Multiple morphological variations were described in this area, whereas most of them concerns plantaris muscle, GM and SM, especially their attachments, number of heads or even presence [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric profile in foetuses and evolution of Achilles tendon

2022

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Background: The Achilles tendon (AT) develops from the merge of the tendinous part of the gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus (SM) muscles. The AT is the structural base for the biomechanical work of the ankle joint. Understanding morphometry of the AT is crucial due to the tendon vulnerability to rupture and damage which requires further surgical repair and management. Despite its clinical significance, data concerns measurements of the AT in human fetuses are scare. The aim of our study was to assess the AT, GM and SM morphometry in human fetuses. Materials and methods: Thirty-seven spontaneously-aborted human fetuses (17 male, 20 female) aged 18-38 weeks of gestation were examined. The morphometry of the GM, SM and AT were evaluated. Results: No significant correlation between sex or side and size of the AT in human fetuses was observed. The only significant correlation was between sex and the length of the tendon of the SM, in 3 rd trimester it was longer in male than in female. In 2 nd trimester the SM muscle to tendon ratio was higher in female than in male. Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between sex or side in size of the AT in human fetuses, probably due to scant muscle load during prenatal period.

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“…In recent years, increasing numbers of studies have examined morphological variations in human arteries, veins, nerves, muscles, tendons and ligaments 25,[28][29][30][31][32] . Morphological variations can have signi cant effects on nerve compression 33,34 or artery or vein compression 35 , and an accessory hepatic artery or collateral circulation can facilitate surgical procedures 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tendon of the VI was signi cantly longer in Types IIA and IIIA than in IB, IIB or IIIB. Generally, muscles with a wide and short tendon are characterized by the transfer of high contraction forces from the belly to the tendon 31 . Future research must focus on comparing strengths among different types of extra heads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles and the Patellar Ligament

Olewnik

Ruzik

Szewczyk

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction: The quadriceps femoris consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis. However, the effect of additional quadriceps femoris heads on the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments is unknown.Materials and Methods: One hundred and six lower limbs (34 male and 19 female cadavers) fixed in 10% formalin were examined.Results: On all lower extremities, the vastus lateralis consisted of superficial, intermediate and deep layers. The vastus medialis, on the other hand, consisted of only the longus and obliquus layers. Additional quadriceps femoris heads affected both the vasti muscles and the patellar ligaments.Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the presence of accessory quadriceps femoris heads and effects on vasti muscles and patellar ligament.

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A proposal for a new classification of soleus muscle morphology

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

A proposal for a new morphological classification of the popliteus muscle tendon with potential clinical and biomechanical significance

A proposal for a new morphological classification of the popliteus muscle tendon with potential clinical and biomechanical significance

Morphometric profile in foetuses and evolution of Achilles tendon

The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles and the Patellar Ligament

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