A prophylactic role of a secretory PLA2 of Spodoptera exigua against entomopathogens

Vatanparast, Mohammad; Ahmed, Shabbir; Sajjadian, Seyedeh Minoo; Kim, Yonggyun

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.008

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The PLA 2 -mediated eicosanoid signaling pathway plays important roles in various physiological processes, including reproduction, development, and immune responses, in vertebrates and invertebrates Shrestha et al, 2015;Ahmed et al, 2018;Vatanparast et al, 2019). In this study, we demonstrated that the eicosanoid signaling pathway modulates the innate immune response in O. furnacalis against B. bassiana.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

PLA₂ mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

Yin

Zhang

et al. 2021

Insect Science

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The eicosanoid signaling pathway mediates insect immune reactions to a wide range of stimuli. This pathway begins with the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid (AA) from the hydrolysis of phospholipids catalyzed by phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ). We report here that the PLA 2 inhibitor, dexamethasone (DEX), impaired the innate immune response including nodulation, encapsulation, and melanization in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae, while AA partially reversed these effects of DEX. We cloned a full-length complementary DNA encoding a PLA 2 , designated as OfsPLA 2 , from O. furnacalis. The open reading frame of OfsPLA 2 encodes a 195-amino acid residue protein with a 22-residue signal peptide. Sequence alignment analyses indicated that O. furnacalis PLA 2 might be a Group III secretory PLA 2 . The highest transcript levels of OfsPLA 2 were detected in the fat body, and its transcript levels increased dramatically after infection with Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, or Beauveria bassiana. Recombinant OfsPLA 2 significantly induced prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation in larval hemolymph in the presence of Ca 2+ and encapsulation of agarose beads. Injection of recombinant OfsPLA 2 into larvae resulted in increased transcript levels of attacin, defencin, and moricin-3 genes. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the eicosanoid signaling pathway in the innate immune response of O. furnacalis larvae and provide new information about the roles of O. furnacalis secretory PLA 2 in activating PPO and antimicrobial peptide production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

PLA₂ mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

Yin

Zhang

et al. 2021

Insect Science

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“…Similar to some sPLA2s in mammalian, insect sPLA2s are involved in eicosanoid signaling pathway‐mediated immune reactions, including cellular and humoral responses, such as nodulation reactions, activation of prophenoloxidase (PPO) pathways, and AMP production (Shrestha et al ., 2010; Kim et al ., 2018; Vatanparast et al ., 2019; Ji et al ., 2022). Within the insect, endogenous sPLA2s hydrolyze phospholipids and release free fatty acids, for example, AA, which act as substrates for biosynthesis of lipid mediators, for example, eicosanoids and downstream PGs, LTs (Kim et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Screening of the transformants, and subsequent protein expression and purification were performed as described (Lu et al ., 2021). PLA2 enzyme activity was assayed as described (Vatanparast et al ., 2019), using an sPLA2 Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The kinetics of BbPLA2 activity in terms of hydrolysis of PC (at C‐2 ester bond) were evaluated using nonlinear regression analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A secretory phospholipase A2 of a fungal pathogen contributes to lipid droplet homeostasis, assimilation of insect‐derived lipids, and repression of host immune responses

Deng

Wang

et al. 2022

Insect Science

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Secretory phospholipase A2s (sPLA2s) are found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to higher plants and animals and are involved in varied and cellular processes. However, roles of these enzymes in microbial pathogens remain unclear. Here, an sPLA2 (BbPLA2) was characterized in the filamentous insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. BbPLA2 was exclusively expressed in insect hemolymph-derived cells (hyphal bodies), and its expression was induced by insect-derived nutrients and lipids, and nutrient starvation. High levels of secretion of BbPLA2 were observed as well as its distribution in hyphal body lipid drops (LDs). Overexpression of BbPLA2 increased the ability of B. bassiana to utilize insect-derived nutrients and lipids, and promoted LD accumulation, indicating functions for BbPLA2 in mediating LD homeostasis and assimilation of insect-derived lipids. Strains overexpressing BbPLA2 showed moderately increased virulence, including more efficient penetration of the insect cuticle and evasion of host immune responses as compared to the wild type strain. In addition, B. bassiana-activated host immune genes were downregulated in the BbPLA2 overexpression strain, but upregulated by infections with a BbPLA2 strain. These data demonstrate that BbPLA2 contributes to LD homeostasis, assimilation of insect-derived lipids, and repression of host immune responses.

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“…It has been well documented that sPLA2s mediate both cellular and humoral immune responses via the eicosanoid signaling pathway [12,13,16,29]. However, despite the fact that they function as a release of fatty acids hydrolyzed from phospholipids, another subgroup of the PLA2 gene family, iPLA2, is still poorly understood in insect-immune responses [8,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Novel Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2s from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Eicosanoids are crucial downstream signals in the insect immune responses. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes phospholipids, the initial step in eicosanoid biosynthesis. In mammals, the biological roles of Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) have been extensively studied; however, only a few studies have attempted to explore iPLA2 functions in insects. In this study, we identified two iPLA2 genes (designated as BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B) in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. BmiPLA2A had a 2427 base pair (bp) open reading frame (ORF) that coded for a protein with 808 amino acids. In contrast, BmiPLA2B had a 1731 bp ORF that coded for a protein with 576 amino acids. Domain analysis revealed that BmiPLA2A had six ankyrin repeat domains, but BmiPLA2B lacks these domains. BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B were transcribed widely in various tissues and developmental stages with different expression patterns. The administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone increased their expression levels in the epidermis and hemocytes. Furthermore, challenged with virus, fungus, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria induced the expression of BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B with variable degrees along with different time points. Our findings imply that BmiPLA2A and BmiPLA2B may have important biological roles in the development and innate immunity of B. mori.

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A prophylactic role of a secretory PLA2 of Spodoptera exigua against entomopathogens

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

PLA₂ mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

PLA₂ mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

A secretory phospholipase A2 of a fungal pathogen contributes to lipid droplet homeostasis, assimilation of insect‐derived lipids, and repression of host immune responses

Molecular Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Novel Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2s from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

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A prophylactic role of a secretory PLA2 of Spodoptera exigua against entomopathogens

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

PLA2 mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

PLA2 mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

A secretory phospholipase A2 of a fungal pathogen contributes to lipid droplet homeostasis, assimilation of insect‐derived lipids, and repression of host immune responses

Molecular Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Novel Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2s from the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

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PLA₂ mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

PLA₂ mediates the innate immune response in Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis