A proper choice of route significantly reduces air pollution exposure — A study on bicycle and bus trips in urban streets

Hertel, Ole; Hvidberg, Martin; Ketzel, Matthias; Storm, Line; Stausgaard, Lizzi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.058

Cited by 120 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The substantial influence of route has been documented in various monitoring and modeling studies (Adams et al 2001;Hertel et al 2008;Kingham et al 1998;Strak et al 2010). A study in Utrecht found 59% higher UFP exposure for cyclists along a high-traffic route compared with a lowtraffic route (Strak et al 2010).…”

Section: Overall Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?

Hartog

Boogaard

Nijland

et al. 2011

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks?Os benefícios à saúde em andar de bicicleta superam os riscos?Resumo Embora uma mudança do uso de carro para bicicleta possa trazer efeitos benéficos para a saúde devido à diminuição da poluição do ar e a um aumento da atividade física, esta mudança também pode trazer efeitos adversos à saúde como exposição à poluição e risco de acidentes de trân-sito, os quais podem superar os benefícios. Nós resumimos a literatura sobre poluição do ar, acidentes de trânsito e atividade física, utilizando revisões sistemáticas suplementadas com estudos recentes. Quantificamos também o impacto na causa de mortalidade se 500 mil pessoas fizessem a transição de carro para bicicleta em viagens curtas diárias na Holanda. Estimamos que os efeitos benéficos do aumento da atividade física são substancialmente maiores do que o efeito potencial da mortalidade por inalação de ar poluído e aumento de acidentes de trânsito. Os benefícios sociais são ainda maiores devido a uma modesta redução na poluição do ar e nos acidentes de trânsito. Em média, os benefícios de saúde devido ao uso da bicicleta são substancialmente maiores do que os riscos relativos a dirigir um carro para pessoas em transição do modo de transporte. Palavras-chave Poluição do ar, Bicicleta, Mudança, Atividade física, Acidentes de trânsito Abstract Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollution and risk of a traffic accident may prevail. We have summarized the literature for air pollution, traffic accidents, and physical activity using systematic reviews supplemented with recent key studies. We quantified the impact on all-cause mortality when 500,000 people would make a transition from car to bicycle for short trips on a daily basis in the Netherlands. We estimate that beneficial effects of increased physical activity are substantially larger (3-14 months gained) than the potential mortality effect of increased inhaled air pollution doses (0.8-40 days lost) and the increase in traffic accidents (5-9 days lost). Societal benefits are even larger because of a modest reduction in air pollution and traffic accidents. On average, the estimated health benefits of cycling were substantially larger than the risks relative to car driving for individuals shifting their mode of transport.

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Section: Overall Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?

Hartog

Boogaard

Nijland

et al. 2011

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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“…Hatzopoulou et al (2013) did not explicitly compare high and low-volume roads but they did find a significant BC reduction of 15% if the number of trucks and buses on the nearest traffic lane decreased by 10 per hour. A 12% reduction for NO 2 was found by Hertel et al (2008) along low volume roads as compared with high volume roads. This Danish study did not define the range used to define high and low volumes.…”

Section: Effects Of the Measures On Exposure To Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“… Scaling street concentrations: reductions in the range 12% and 24% for BC and a reduction of 25% for NO 2 (Hatzopoulou et al, 2013;MacNaughton et al, 2014) were used for estimating concentrations on physically separated bicycle paths as compared with bicycle lanes and roads with mixed traffic. Reductions in the range 15% and 28% for BC and 12% for NO 2 (Hatzopoulou et al, 2013;Hertel et al, 2008) were applied to the concentration on low volume roads as compared with high volume roads. The volumes on low and high volume roads in the underlying studies (Hertel et al, 2008;Jarjour et al, 2013;Strak et al, 2010) are comparable to volumes on Dutch access and distrbutor roads respectively.…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reductions in the range 15% and 28% for BC and 12% for NO 2 (Hatzopoulou et al, 2013;Hertel et al, 2008) were applied to the concentration on low volume roads as compared with high volume roads. The volumes on low and high volume roads in the underlying studies (Hertel et al, 2008;Jarjour et al, 2013;Strak et al, 2010) are comparable to volumes on Dutch access and distrbutor roads respectively. For roads carrying more than 4,000 to 5,000 vehicles per day (the upper level being defined as the upper limit for a low volume road in the aforementioned studies), the Dutch Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic (CROW, 2007) advises building bicycle paths or lanes.…”

Section: Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mortality impact of bicycle paths and lanes related to physical activity, air pollution exposure and road safety

Schepers

Fishman

Beelen

et al. 2015

Journal of Transport & Health

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“…the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM ® ; Berkowicz et al, 1997) have been frequently applied in cities around the globe over the last 20 years (Assael et al, 2008;Berkowicz et al, 1996Berkowicz et al, , 2006Ghenu et al, 2008;Gokhale et al, 2005;Hertel et al, 2008;Kakosimos et al, 2010;Ketzel et al, 2012;Kukkonen et al, 2000;Vardoulakis et al, 2005). This type of model has the advantages of low input requirements and short execution times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the impact of inhomogeneous emissions in the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM)

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Semi-parameterized street canyon models, as e.g. the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM ® ), have been frequently applied for the last two decades to analyse levels and consequences of air pollution in streets. These models are popular due to their speed and low input requirements. One often-used simplification is the assumption that emissions are homogeneously distributed in the entire length and width of the street canyon. It is thus the aim of the present study to analyse the impact of this assumption by implementing an inhomogeneous emission geometry scheme in OSPM. The homogeneous and the inhomogeneous emission geometry schemes are validated against two real-world cases: Hornsgatan, Stockholm, a sloping street canyon; and Jagtvej, Copenhagen; where the morning rush hour has more traffic on one lane compared to the other. The two cases are supplemented with a theoretical calculation of the impact of street aspect (height / width) ratio and emission inhomogeneity on the concentrations resulting from inhomogeneous emissions. The results show an improved performance for the inhomogeneous emission geometry over the homogeneous emission geometry. Moreover, it is shown that the impact of inhomogeneous emissions is largest for near-parallel wind directions and for high aspect ratio canyons. The results from the real-world cases are however confounded by challenges estimating the emissions accurately.

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A proper choice of route significantly reduces air pollution exposure — A study on bicycle and bus trips in urban streets

Cited by 120 publications

References 33 publications

Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?

Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?

The mortality impact of bicycle paths and lanes related to physical activity, air pollution exposure and road safety

Analysis of the impact of inhomogeneous emissions in the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM)

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