A propagation model for microcellular mobile and personal radio communications

Urban Propagation Modeling for Wireless Systems

“…Researchers conducting simulation studies using ray-tracing models [11,20,21,24,26,33,38,40,42,64,80,90] and waveguide models [44,[69][70][71] seek to understand the mechanisms by which the signals propagate through streets and around buildings. The aim of these simulations is to predict the first-order propagation effects, and the results of these simulations are typically averaged to make a comparison to the local average received power obtained by measurements.…”