A Propagating Plane-Wave-Based Near-Field Transmission Equation for Antenna Gain Determination from Irregular Measurement Samples

Neitz, Ole; Mauermayer, Raimund A. M.; Weitsch, Yvonne; Eibert, Thomas F.

doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2712180

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…23] uses "normalized voltage wave," and Liao [S1] uses "normalized voltage." Vendelin [S2] and Neitz et al [24] use "power wave." Pozar [18,p.…”

Section: A Note About Terminology Regarding Power Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ten Fundamental Antenna-Theory Puzzles Solved by the Antenna Equation: A remarkable array of solutions

Farr

2022

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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XXXXX Describing the performance of antennas in the time domain has long been problematic. No standard definitions exist, for example, in the IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms for Antennas [1]. This makes it difficult for ultrawideband (UWB) antenna manufacturers to compare their antennas to each other. This contrasts sharply with the situation in the frequency domain, where one commonly uses gain or realized gain, as defined in [1]. With no accepted standards, UWB antenna development is hindered. To address this, the antenna equation has recently been developed. However, for it to become widely adopted, more examples of its usefulness are needed.In this article, 10 fundamental antenna-theory puzzles are solved using the antenna equation. Chief among these is how to combine gain with a meaningful phase and what the time domain analog of gain is. It is shown how to relate the antenna impulse response to realized gain. It is also explained how to use signal-flow graphs to simplify and solve complicated antenna problems. With these examples, we should finally be ready to adopt as standards new terms that emerge from the antenna equation.

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“…23] uses "normalized voltage wave," and Liao [S1] uses "normalized voltage." Vendelin [S2] and Neitz et al [24] use "power wave." Pozar [18,p.…”

Section: A Note About Terminology Regarding Power Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet another work that seems to cover similar material is that by Neitz et al [24]. They use a plane-wave scattering matrix theory to derive a version of the Friis transmission equation that is valid in both the near and far fields.…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten Fundamental Antenna-Theory Puzzles Solved by the Antenna Equation: A remarkable array of solutions

Farr

2022

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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“…The far fields were measured in the anechoic chamber of the Chair of High-Frequency Engineering, Technical University of Munich and the resulting gain radiation patterns are shown in Fig. 6 [65], [66]. Optimal beamforming weights for the 𝜗 = 70 • cut were calculated for an exemplary azimuthal beamsteering angle of 𝜑 0 = 300 • and fed into the array via an analog beamforming network, see Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Three-element Prototypementioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Uniform Circular Quarter-Wavelength Monopole Antenna Arrays With Wideband Decoupling and Matching Networks

Kornprobst

Mittermaier

Mauermayer

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Two novel decoupling and matching networks (DMNs) in microstrip technology for three-element uniform circular arrays (UCAs) are investigated and compared to a more conventional DMN approach with simple neutralization lines. The array elements are coaxially-fed quarter-wavelength monopole antennas over a finite groundplane. Three-element arrays are considered since UCAs with an odd number of elements are able to provide an almost constant maximum array factor over the whole azimuthal angular range. The new designs are explained from a theoretical point of view and their implementations are compared to four-and three-elements UCAs without DMN in terms of decoupling and matching bandwidth as well as beamforming capabilities. In addition to excellent decoupling and matching below −16 dB, a broader bandwidth is obtained by the two DMNs. The reasons for the enhanced bandwidth are similar in both cases: By introducing several circuit elements offering additional degrees of freedom, matching of the monopole input impedances at different frequencies becomes feasible. One of the presented designs offers a larger bandwidth, while the other design is able to provide a better total efficiency. Scattering parameters, radiation patterns, beamforming capabilities, and enhanced gain are all verified by measurements over the operating bandwidth.

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“…The formulation of the forward transmission equation from the sources to the measurement probe given in Equation 1is a spatial-domain formulation, which is in this form not very convenient for efficient numerical evaluation. A series of other, spectral formulations based on propagating plane waves, possibly in multi-level representation, or in terms of measured scattering parameters instead of probe voltages, are found in a collection of references, such as [11,[20][21][22]38].…”

Section: Field Transformation Configuration and Basic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Solution of Inverse Equivalent Surface-Source Problems

Kornprobst¹,

Mauermayer²,

Neitz³

et al. 2019

PIER

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Various formulations of the inverse equivalent surface-source problem and corresponding solution approaches are discussed and investigated. Starting from the radiation integrals of electric and magnetic surface current densities, the probe-corrected inverse equivalent source formulation is set up together with different forms of side constraints such as the zero-field or Love condition. The linear systems of equations resulting from the discretized forms of these equations are solved by the normal residual (NR) and normal error (NE) systems of equations. As expected and as demonstrated by the solution of a variety of inverse equivalent surface-source problems, related to synthetic as well as realistic antenna near-field measurement data, it is found that the iterative solution of the NE equations allows for a better control of the solution error and leads in general to a slightly faster convergence. Moreover, the results show that the incorporation of the zero-field condition into the solution process is in general not beneficial, which is also supported by the structure of the NE systems of equations. If desired, Love surface current densities, or just fields in general, can more easily be computed in a post-processing step. The accuracy of the obtained near-fields and far-fields depends more on the stopping criterion of the inverse source solver than on the particular choice of the equivalent surface-source representation, where the zero-field condition may influence the stopping criterion in a rather unpredictable way.

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A Propagating Plane-Wave-Based Near-Field Transmission Equation for Antenna Gain Determination from Irregular Measurement Samples

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Ten Fundamental Antenna-Theory Puzzles Solved by the Antenna Equation: A remarkable array of solutions

Ten Fundamental Antenna-Theory Puzzles Solved by the Antenna Equation: A remarkable array of solutions

Compact Uniform Circular Quarter-Wavelength Monopole Antenna Arrays With Wideband Decoupling and Matching Networks

On the Solution of Inverse Equivalent Surface-Source Problems

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