A promising therapeutic option for diabetic bladder dysfunction: Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells pretreated by defocused low‐energy shock wave

Abstract

Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have shown effectiveness in treating diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD). In the present study, ADSCs pretreated by defocused low‐energy shock wave (DLSW) were first used to achieve better therapeutic effect. ADSCs were treated by DLSW prior to each passage. Secretions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were tested. Proliferation ability was examined by staining 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine (EdU) and assessing expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67. DBD rat model was created and subgrouped via therapeutic options of phosphate‐buffered saline, ADSCs, pretreated ADSCs, and ADSCs lysate. Afterward, voiding functions were evaluated, and tissues were examined by histology. Neonatal rats received intraperitoneal injection of EdU. All rats were subgrouped and treated as narrated above. Bladder tissues were stained with EdU, Stro‐1, and CD34. Results showed that shocked ADSCs were activated by secreting more VEGF and NGF, by higher EdU‐retaining cells ratios, and by higher expressions of PCNA and Ki67 compared with unshocked ADSCs. Shocked ADSCs had the most effective efficacy in treating DBD by secreting the most VEGF and NGF to accelerate regenerations of revascularization and innervation. Migrations of EdU+Stro‐1+CD34− endogenous stem cells to bladders were enhanced by injecting ADSCs. In conclusion, ADSCs pretreated by DLSW had potent therapeutic effect in treating DBD by secreting VEGF and NGF. Recruitment of endogenous stem cells was considered as an important mechanism in this regenerative process.

Low‐energy shock wave pretreatment recruit circulating endothelial progenitor cells to attenuate renal ischaemia reperfusion injury

“…9 The beneficial effects might be attributed to activated cell proliferation, 33 inhibition of inflammatory 34 and neovascularization. 35 Our findings also demonstrated that LESW could suppress cell apoptosis and increase cell proliferation and microvessel density to diminish renal tubular injury and accelerate renal recovery in rats subjected to IRI. What's more, LESW application did not induce significant damage in normal kidneys, which further validated the safety of LESW.…”

“…Furthermore, growing evidence also suggests that administration of LESW can alleviate substantial damage and improve functional recovery in various of organs or tissues, such as the heart, 8 limb, 11 bladder 32 and penis 9 . The beneficial effects might be attributed to activated cell proliferation, 33 inhibition of inflammatory 34 and neovascularization 35 . Our findings also demonstrated that LESW could suppress cell apoptosis and increase cell proliferation and microvessel density to diminish renal tubular injury and accelerate renal recovery in rats subjected to IRI.…”

Role and mechanism of micro-energy treatment in regenerative medicine

“…Another study proved ADSCs pretreated by Li-EWST had potent therapeutic effect in diabetic bladder dysfunction by secreting VEGF and NGF to improve bladder innervation and revascularization. Compared with untreated ADSCs injection, injecting treated ADSCs also enhanced the migrations of endogenous stem cells to injured sites (P<0.05) (52). The roles of PEMF in regulating the osteogenic ability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADSC) have been also reported (53).…”

Cavernous Nerve Injury Resulted Erectile Dysfunction and Regeneration

“…This may be due mainly to its ability to activate cell proliferation and to inhibit inflammation and promote neovascularisation [72,73]. In addition, there were few reported side effects of LESWT application that caused significant damage to normal tissues, which further validates its safety [74]. Nevertheless, the efficacy of LESWT in the treatment of cavernous nerve injury erectile dysfunction needs to be further explored, including the effective energy frequency, pulse width, and pulse interval for nerve repair.…”