A Proline-, Threonine-, and Glycine-Rich Protein Down-Regulated by Drought Is Localized in the Cell Wall of Xylem Elements

Harrak, Hassan; Chamberland, H.; Plante, Michèle; Lafontaine, J. G.; Tabaeizadeh, Zohreh

doi:10.1104/pp.121.2.557

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The level of the mRNA in leaves and stems of 8-d drought-stressed plants decreased 5-to 10-fold compared with that in regularly watered plants. Proline-threonine-glycine-rich protein (PTGRP) was the first drought-regulated protein that has been precisely localized in the cell wall (Harrak et al, 1999). In our research, the RNA-blot analysis showed that ''GBAS23'' appeared to be upregulated at the second week of drought stress; however, at the third week a very weak hybridization signal was observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Identification of genes induced upon water-deficit stress in a drought-tolerant rice cultivar

Rodríguez

Canales

Borroto

et al. 2006

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Identification of genes induced upon water-deficit stress in a drought-tolerant rice cultivar

Rodríguez

Canales

Borroto

et al. 2006

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…Nonsynonymous mutations arising de novo in this domain of the subfamilies after the duplication conferred new functional features to the gene apparently had adaptive significance and thus became maintained in the population. For instance, replacing polar amino acid serine by nonpolar proline in ATP͞GTP binding site of kaiIIId1 likely is adaptive to desiccation, because proline was shown to be related to drought-stress response (52)(53)(54). The substitutions in the 51-61 amino acid region probably have similar adaptive significance, because they are generally in favor of hydrophobic amino acids.…”

Section: Driving Forces Of Kai Gene Family Evolution: Selection Vs Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term microclimatic stress causes rapid adaptive radiation of kaiABC clock gene family in a cyanobacterium, Nostoc linckia , from “Evolution Canyons” I and II, Israel

Dvornyk

Vinogradova

Nevo

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes known thus far possessing regulation of physiological functions with approximate daily periodicity, or circadian rhythms, that are controlled by a cluster of three genes, kaiA, kaiB, and kaiC. Here we demonstrate considerably higher genetic polymorphism and extremely rapid evolution of the kaiABC gene family in a filamentous cyanobacterium, Nostoc linckia, permanently exposed to the acute natural environmental stress in the two microsite evolutionary models known as ''Evolution Canyons,'' I (Mount Carmel) and II (Upper Galilee) in Israel. The family consists of five distinct subfamilies (kaiI-kaiV) comprising at least 20 functional genes and pseudogenes. The obtained data suggest that the duplications of kai genes have adaptive significance, and some of them are evolutionarily quite recent (Ϸ80,000 years ago). The observed patterns of within-and between-subfamily polymorphisms indicate that positive diversifying, balancing, and purifying selections are the principal driving forces of the kai gene family's evolution.T he problem of the relative importance of various driving forces in genome evolution requires a comprehensive critical testable approach. The challenging question is that of how selective or nonselective factors influence the evolution of organisms living under contrasting ecological conditions. Lower Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, and Lower Nahal Keziv, western Upper Galilee, Israel, known as ''Evolution Canyons'' (ECs) I and II, respectively (1-3), represent microsites with highly contrasting environmental conditions on opposite slopes separated by only 300-400 m at the top and 50-100 m at the bottom. They were eroded in the Plio-Pleistocene period. The ''African'' southfacing slopes (SFSs) receive up to 600% more solar radiation and are warmer, drier, and spatiotemporally more heterogeneous and fluctuating than ''European'' north-facing slopes (NFSs). Such ecological contrasts on a microscale provide an excellent opportunity to test various hypotheses regarding the influence of natural environmental stress on patterns of genome evolution and shaping genetic variability of populations (1), adaptive radiation, and incipient speciation across life (2, 3).Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae, Cyanoprokaryota, Cyanophyta) can occupy various ecotopes and have high ecological adaptability (4) and thus are suitable model organisms for testing various predictions about probable evolutionary forces affecting patterns of genetic polymorphism under contrasting ecological conditions. Thus far, extensive studies have been done to ascertain molecular and genetic mechanisms of cyanobacterial responses to various stresses (see refs. 5-9).However, despite the extensive studies of cyanobacteria, data about the effect of long-time natural environmental stress on the level and patterns of nucleotide polymorphism in these prokaryotes are lacking. Such data can highlight the evolutionary forces contributing to adaptive genetic radiation and speciation. This issue is of particular interest, b...

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“…For the native primary cell wall, it is known that lignin can make covalent cross-links with both protein and pectin (Harrak et al 1999). It is also suggested that xyloglucan is hydrogen bound to cellulose and covalently bound to pectin (Bacic et al 1988;Whitney and Gidley 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterizing wood polymers in the primary cell wall of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) using dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy

Stevanic

Salmén

2007

Cellulose

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Dynamic Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to examine the interactions among cellulose, xyloglucan, pectin, protein and lignin in the outer fibre wall layers of spruce wood tracheids. Knowledge regarding these interactions is fundamental for understanding the fibre separation in a mechanical pulping process. Sheets made from an enriched primary cell wall material were used for studying the viscoelastic response of the polymers. The results indicated that strong interactions exist among lignin, protein, pectin, xyloglucan and cellulose in the primary cell wall. This signified a closely linked network structure of the components on the fibre surface. This ultrastructural arrangement in the primary cell wall and the relatively high content of lignin, pectin and protein in it, means that the primary cell wall is more submissive to selective chemical attacks, when compared to the secondary cell wall. A low ratio of cellulose Ia to cellulose Ib in the primary cell wall was also found.

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A Proline-, Threonine-, and Glycine-Rich Protein Down-Regulated by Drought Is Localized in the Cell Wall of Xylem Elements

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Identification of genes induced upon water-deficit stress in a drought-tolerant rice cultivar

Identification of genes induced upon water-deficit stress in a drought-tolerant rice cultivar

Long-term microclimatic stress causes rapid adaptive radiation of kaiABC clock gene family in a cyanobacterium, Nostoc linckia , from “Evolution Canyons” I and II, Israel

Characterizing wood polymers in the primary cell wall of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) using dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy

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