This has led to the offloading of many of the networking and protocol processing functions from host processors into host-busadapters (HDAs) or network interface controllers (NICs). Initially, most HDAs and NICs were implemented in ASICs using hardwired logic. But as the need to implement complex network protocols arose, such as iSCSI, programmable solutions have become attractive because of a number of advantages they offer: they can accommodate different and evolving protocols; they are easily upgradeable via program changes; they offer a faster time to market. An example of such a programmable solution that is implemented in the form of a scalable, multiprocessor architecture and combines multiple processor cores and hardware accelerators on a single chip can be found in a earlier paper [1]. This paper presents a System-on-a-Chip design methodology that uses a microprocessor subsystem as a building block for the development of chips for networking applications. The microprocessor subsystem is a self-contained macro that functions as an accelerator for computation-intensive pieces of the application code, and complements the standard components of the SoC. It consists of processor cores, memory banks, and well-defined interfaces that are interconnected via a high-performance switch. The number of processors and memory banks are parameters that can vary depending on the application to be implemented on the chip. Applications such as protocol conversion, TCP/IP off-load engine, or firewalls can be implemented with processor counts ranging from 8 to 128.Another trend that has emerged in the design of high-speed networking components is the system-on-chip (SoC) approach [2]. SoC designs have provided integrated solutions for communication, multimedia, and consumer electronics applications. To meet performance and functionality requirements, current SoC designs typically include a general-purpose processor, one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), multiple fixed function silicon accelerators, and embedded memory. For example, a CDMA cell phone might have 800,000 to 3 million gates dedicated to hardware accelerators, and up to four DSPs performing the remainder of the processing.