A program for key determination

Perceptual Tests of an Algorithm for Musical Key-Finding.

“…For the nonmodulating sequence, the revised model does not appear to produce better performance than what would be produced by the original key-finding algorithm, 7 and for the modulating sequence the performance of the keyfinding algorithm is not even compared with Huron andParncutt's (1993) revised version. Temperley (1999) provides a detailed comparison of his modified algorithm with other models of key-finding (e.g., Holtzman, 1977;Longuet-Higgins & Steedman, 1971;Vos & Van Geenan, 1996) and demonstrates that this version of the algorithm performs favorably relative to these other models. Again, though, this comparison did not include the original Krumhansl-Schmuckler algorithm and was done with reference to the author's (admittedly expert) musical intuitions of tonality and not on the basis of listeners' percepts of tonality.…”

“…Given the importance of tonality, it is not surprising that modeling the process of musical key-finding has, over the years, played a prominent role in music-theoretic and psychological research, resulting in models of key determination from artificial intelligence (e.g., Holtzman, 1977;Meehan, 1980;Smoliar, 1980;Winograd, 1968), neural network (Leman, 1995a(Leman, , 1995bShmulevich & Yli-Harja, 2000;Vos & Van Geenan, 1996), musicological (Brown, 1988;Brown & Butler, 1981;Brown, Butler, & Jones, Figure 1. tonal hierarchies: C major and minor (top) and C and F# major (bottom).…”

Winning the War of Ideas in the Global War on Terrorism

“…The problem is not our brand; it is their buying habits. 52 In getting Arab-Muslims to buy our brand, the war of ideas is one in which the U.S.…”

Tree-based versus distance-based key recognition in musical audio

“…Score-based methods start from symbolic representations, while in audio-based methods the conversion to symbolic representations is a main task. Score-based methods have been founded on rule-based approaches [17,5,28] and template correlation or distances [10,22,24,23]. On the other hand, audio-based methods have been based on solely template-related distance approaches [11,12].…”