A program for indexing x-ray diffraction patterns of polycrystalline substances with low symmetry

Zirconia nanoparticles: a martensitic phase transition at low temperature

“…By using Ito's [19] method to analyse the diffraction data, summarised in Figure 4, for tetragonal zirconia, the lattice parameters are: a ¼ b ¼ 0.4999992 nm, c ¼ 0.5092005 nm, whereas for monoclinic zirconia, the Ito's method shows that the lattice parameters were: a ¼ 0.5110305 nm, b ¼ 0.5231009 nm, c ¼ 0.5270408 nm, and ¼ 96.884570. Thus, a low temperature phase transformation can be described by a series of matrices, according to Niggli's [20] method.…”