“…Self-autonomous and empowered (Maskell, 2001;Vernadat, 1999;Owusu, 1999;Crocitto and Youssef, 2003;Zhang and Sharifi, 2000) 3 Manufacturing set-ups Rigid, long lasting; intolerable to changes Flexible, easily collapsible, quick response to change (Maskell, 2001;Meredith and Francis, 2000;Vernadat, 1999;Hormozi, 2001;Ramasesh et al, 2001;DeVor et al, 1997;Quintana, 1998;Sohal, 1999;Malek et al, 2000;Kirk and Tebaldi, 1997;Yusuf et al, 2003) 4 Status of quality Customers' satisfaction (Meredith and Francis, 2000) Customers' delight (Maskell, 2001;Hormozi, 2001;Rigby et al, 2000;DeVor et al, 1997;McGaughey, 1999) Learning employees; multi-skilled and multi-functional; and self-committed. (Parkinson, 1999;Maskell, 2001;Vokurka and Fliedner, 1998;Meredith and Francis, 2000;Hormozi, 2001;Owusu, 1999;Bustamante, 1999;Zhang and Sharifi, 2000;DeVor et al, 1997;Sohal, 1999;Duguay et al, 1997;Yusuf et al, 2003) 7 Employee involvement Very little involvement of employees in decision-making, ideas and knowledge are seldom shared or utilised Fully empowered employees; ideas and knowledge of employees are fully utilised (Meredith and Francis, 2000;Vernadat, 1999;Hormozi, 2001;…”