A produção de rochas ornamentais no Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Santo Antônio de Pádua e Italva

Abstract

RESUMOO Noroeste Fluminense é o principal produtor de rochas ornamentais do estado. Os municípios de Santo Antônio de Pádua e Italva tem na produção de rochas ornamentais a base para o seu desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Este estudo objetiva caracterizar o processo de produção de rochas, identificando e caracterizando os principais problemas e soluções adotadas para solucioná-los. A metodologia empregada consistiu na realização de trabalhos de campo nas pedreiras, serrarias e instituições diretamente ligadas ao setor; e entrevistas com representantes de diferentes segmentos deste setor produtivo. Os resultados indicam que existem cerca de 300 microempresas empregando aproximadamente 6.000 pessoas, destas somente 140 são associadas ao sindicato local. Alguns empreendimentos ilegais causam desmatamentos e descartam rejeitos em locais impróprios, causando danos ao meio ambiente. Em conjunto, instituições públicas e privadas têm adotado medidas para sanar tais problemas, entre elas: assinatura do TAC (Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta), construção da empresa Argamil e instalação de tanques de decantação. Essas ações objetivam minimizar os impactos e proporcionar um desenvolvimento sustentável a região.Palavras-chaves: rochas ornamentais; Santo Antônio de Pádua; Italva; impactos socioeconômicos. ABSTRACTThe Northwest of Rio de Janeiro State is the main producer of ornamental stones of the state. The socioeconomic development of the municipalities of Santo Antonio de Padua and Italva is based on the production of these ornamental rocks. The present study aims to characterize the mineral production process, identifying and characterizing the main problems and solutions adopted to solve them. The methodology consisted of field works in the stone quarries, sawmills and institutions directly linked to the sector, and interviews with representatives of different segments of the productive sector. The results indicate that there are approximately 300 microenterprises employing approximately 6,000 people, only 140 of these are associated with the local syndicate. Some illegal undertakings deforest and discard waste in inappropriate places causing damage to the environment. Together, public and private institutions have taken measures in order to remedy such problems, including: signing the CAC (Contract to Adjustment of Conduct), Argamil company construction and installation of decantation ponds. These actions aim to minimize impacts and provide a sustainable development in the region.

Bibliographic review on sustainability and processing of ornamental rocks

“…To mitigate these impacts and promote sustainability in this sector, adopting sustainable practices is paramount. These practices entail the implementation of specific measures aimed at minimizing environmental harm and ensuring the preservation of natural resources [5]. Reis and Alvarez (2007) recommend that before commencing ornamental rock exploitation, a detailed environmental assessment should be conducted.…”

“…9.605/1998 imposes penal and administrative sanctions for activities detrimental to the environment, including illegal rock extraction. It is worth highlighting that specific technical standards for the sector, such as those from the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), establish criteria for the proper management of extraction and processing areas [5].…”

Uma visão integrada dos impactos ambientais no estado do Rio de Janeiro

“…Nessa região, há explorações ilegais responsáveis por desmatamento e descarte de rejeitos em áreas impróprias, ocasionando impacto ao ambiente. O modelo de produção com baixa eficiência gera uma série de impactos ambientais: dano à saúde dos trabalhadores, problemas dos efluentes gerados nas serrarias, uso de explosivos (causando ruídos e tremores à população), alteração da paisagem e dos corpos hídricos, poluição do ar, entre outros (Silvestre et al, 2014).…”

Near-Surface Geophysical Characterization of a Marble Deposit to Promote a Sustainable Small-Scale Mining

“…Mining is essential for economic development; however, it also represents a threat to biodiversity. The development and execution of rational mining planning, which involves an environmental management plan to prevent, monitor, and recover areas affected by exploratory activity, is essential for mining to become sustainable [4][5][6].…”

“…The preliminary geological characterization is an essential step in the development of efficient and responsible mine planning from an economic and environmental perspective. Usually, when technical and scientific criteria are not used to guide mineral exploration, the following cycle is often observed: degradation of the local landscape, including changes in fauna, flora, and water resources; abandonment of the mining; and migration to other areas [5]. The lack of geological knowledge results in increasing environmental degradation limits the productive capacity of SSMs, and increases the level of uncertainty associated with the investment.…”