A processual framework for analysing liberal policy interventions in conflict contexts

Salehi, Mariam

doi:10.1177/00108367221104668

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…2 specifies and clarifies a specialized and precise treaty in civil and political rights, the Convention against Torture (CAT), responding to severe challenges in light of counterterrorism campaigns in the 1990s and early 2000s (Liese 2009;Zimmermann et al 2023: Ch 2). Within the scope of human rights research methods (Andreassen, Sano and McInerney-Lankford 2018), we use a process-tracing approach (Checkel 2015;Guzzini 2017;Salehi 2022;van Meegdenburg 2023) to understand the process that led from a specific human rights challenge to the adoption of a General Comment addressing this issue. Based on meeting minutes, archival materials and expert interviews, we unpack the drafting history of both General Comments and provide empirical evidence for the mechanisms in our framework.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal human rights law-making: How treaty bodies use ‘General Comments’ to develop international law

Lesch

Reiners²

2023

Glob. Con.

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The United Nations treaty bodies were established to monitor the implementation of human rights by states parties. Through ‘General Comments’ – legally non-binding clarifications of treaty obligations – they have also influenced the development of international human rights law – for example, on the right to life and climate impacts. We address this phenomenon by establishing a twofold argument. First, we argue that General Comments are used by the committees to informally shape international law. They deliberately act as human rights law-makers, knowing that international institutions, organizations and professionals in their network will subsequently refer to such instruments. Second, we argue that treaty bodies not only rely on their network once they have adopted their outcome, but the experts’ personal networks also shape the drafting process of General Comments. We develop and illustrate an analytical framework with two case studies of General Comments on the human right to water and the torture prohibition. The analysis demonstrates the need for external knowledge of both technical and legal aspects of the norms being interpreted. By addressing pressing human rights challenges, expert committees can shape the law in times of stagnation and resist contestation even from powerful states.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal human rights law-making: How treaty bodies use ‘General Comments’ to develop international law

Lesch

Reiners²

2023

Glob. Con.

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“… 3. We understand the concept of project along with Mariam Salehi, as planned processes of change based on policy interventions (Salehi, 2022: 238). …”

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confidence: 99%

The afterlives of state failure: echoes and aftermaths of colonialism

Lemay-Hébert,

Jerrems

2023

European Journal of International Relations

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This article offers a new perspective on the failed states agenda, and the reconfiguration of colonial discourse buttressing it, by theorising its afterlives. The concept of afterlives has mostly been discussed as a metaphor or in passing in the IR literature. Drawing from the post- and decolonial literature, we propose to define the concept simultaneously as echoes and aftermaths of the past. This conceptualisation of afterlives aims to contribute to the study of the persistence of colonial forms beyond notions of continuity and rupture. We develop the concept of afterlives through a discussion of the failed states agenda and its iterations. We discuss four specific iterations of the agenda: the genesis of the agenda in the decolonisation period; the consolidation of the agenda during the early 1990s; the crisis of the agenda and the rise of the resilience discussion; and finally the rise of the fragile city agenda as one of the afterlives of the failed states agenda. To illustrate our argument, we discuss two specific ‘fragments’ through which we can effectively grasp the echoes and aftermaths of coloniality: the pathologisation of fragile states and cities, operated through various twin figures (civilised/barbaric; strong/dysfunctional; resilient/vulnerable) and their practical repercussions; and the visualisation, mapping and colour-coding of fragile states and cities, exemplifying the durability and contradictions of the failed states agenda.

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Totalitärer Staat und freie Wirtschaft. Zu den Bedingungen von Freiheit in den Nürnberger Industriellenprozessen

Franzki

2024

Z Friedens und Konflforsch

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ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Text analysiert die von den US-Amerikanern nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg durchgeführten Gerichtsverfahren gegen Vertreter der deutschen Industrie. Anders als ein Großteil der existierenden Literatur aus den Bereichen des Internationalen Strafrechts/transitional justice und „Unternehmen und Menschenrechte“ verfolgt er dabei einen analytischen Ansatz und fokussiert die wirtschaftspolitischen Ordnungsvorstellungen, die den Verfahren zugrunde liegen. Dazu richtet die Analyse den Blick auf die Konzepte und Annahmen, anhand derer in den Urteilen die Beweise und Materialien zu Bildern der gewaltvollen Vergangenheit zusammengefügt werden. Anhand einer detaillierten Lektüre der juristischen Argumentation in Bezug auf die Anklagepunkte „Beteiligung am Angriffskrieg“, „Sklavenarbeit“ und „Plünderung“ zeigt der Text, dass die Richter die liberale Trennung von Staat und Wirtschaft als normative Setzung auf die Vergangenheit projizieren und rechtwidriges Verhalten der Unternehmer dort feststellen, wo der totalitäre Staat die Freiheit der wirtschaftlichen Sphäre verletzt. Ähnlich der ordoliberalen Theoriebildung verorten die Verfahren die Ursachen für die mit den Unternehmen assoziierte Gewalt im totalitären Staat und stilisieren im Umkehrschluss die freie Marktwirtschaft zum Garanten einer demokratischen Ordnung. Der Text schließt mit Überlegungen zu den Implikationen dieser Beobachtung für aktuelle Bestrebungen, der Gewalt im Kontext transnationaler Akkumulationsprozesse durch die Etablierung von Menschenrechtspflichten für Unternehmen zu begegnen.

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A processual framework for analysing liberal policy interventions in conflict contexts

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Informal human rights law-making: How treaty bodies use ‘General Comments’ to develop international law

Informal human rights law-making: How treaty bodies use ‘General Comments’ to develop international law

The afterlives of state failure: echoes and aftermaths of colonialism

Totalitärer Staat und freie Wirtschaft. Zu den Bedingungen von Freiheit in den Nürnberger Industriellenprozessen

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