A process of leaching recovery for cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries by citric acid and salicylic acid

Abstract

A new mixed organic acid of citric acid and salicylic acid is proposed to recover valuable Co and Li ions from spent LIBs. Under the optimum leaching conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Co and Li ions can reach 99.5% and 97%.

Toward practical lithium-ion battery recycling: adding value, tackling circularity and recycling-oriented design

“…93 It is reported that mixed organic acids synergistically improve leaching, because additional acid impacts complexation between acid and ions. 99,100 Organic acids are, generally, weaker than inorganic acids with reduced leaching capability. To boost leaching, reducing agents such as H 2 O 2 are used.…”

Nanoporous Carbon/Cobalt Composite Derived from End-of-Life Lithium Cobalt Oxide-Type Lithium-Ion Batteries for Supercapacitor Applications

“…In this research, they conclude that the 99.5% Co and 97% Li can be dissolved with 1.5 M citric acid, 0.2 M salicylic acid, and 6 vol % H 2 O 2 in 90 min at an S:L ratio of 15 g L −1 and 90 °C. 27 Yu et al found that 1.0 M citric acid and 8 vol % H 2 O 2 are sufficient to dissolve 99% of metals in 70 min at 70 °C and an S:L ratio of 40 g L −1 . 16 Nayaka et al replaced H 2 O 2 with ascorbic acid in a citric acid-based system 28 where approximately 80% cobalt and 100% Li were dissolved in 100 mM citric acid, 20 mM ascorbic acid, and a 2 g L −1 solid-to-liquid ratio at 80 °C in 6 h. 28 Table 1 shows the parameter and their values that were used in the literature.…”

“…Xu et al used mixed organic acid (citric acid and salicylic acid) as a leaching agent and hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. In this research, they conclude that the 99.5% Co and 97% Li can be dissolved with 1.5 M citric acid, 0.2 M salicylic acid, and 6 vol % H 2 O 2 in 90 min at an S:L ratio of 15 g L –1 and 90 °C . Yu et al found that 1.0 M citric acid and 8 vol % H 2 O 2 are sufficient to dissolve 99% of metals in 70 min at 70 °C and an S:L ratio of 40 g L –1 .…”

“…25 Li et al used 1.25 M citric acid and 1 vol % H 2 O 2 to dissolve ∼90% cobalt and ∼100% lithium from a 20 g L −1 mixture of cathode powder of spent LIBs at 90 °C within 30 min. 26 Xu et al 27 used mixed organic acid (citric acid and salicylic acid) as a leaching agent and hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. In this research, they conclude that the 99.5% Co and 97% Li can be dissolved with 1.5 M citric acid, 0.2 M salicylic acid, and 6 vol % H 2 O 2 in 90 min at an S:L ratio of 15 g L −1 and 90 °C.…”

Regeneration of NCM622 from end-of-life lithium-ion battery cathode materials

“…Leaching, as the most reagents and time-consuming step among the recycling process, is studied in detail here. Various combinations of reductant agents and acids were proposed and studied for the efficient leaching of strategic metals from LIBs cathode materials, i.e., inorganic acids, 8 organic acids, 9 inorganic acids with inorganic reductants, [10][11][12] inorganic acids with organic reductants, 13 organic acids with inorganic reductants, [14][15][16] organic acids with organic reductants, [17][18][19][20][21] among those the combinations of inorganic acids with organic reductants exhibited the fastest leaching kinetics. In our previous study, the ultra-fast leaching of EOL LIBs has been achieved in the HCl-ascorbic acid (VC) 4,22 and the HNO 3 -VC system, 23 however, the utilization of a large amount of expensive VC weakened their industrial application potential.…”