A process model for air bending

Abstract

A so called 'three-section' model for air bending is presented. It is assumed that a state of plane strain exists and that Bernoulli's law is valid. The material behaviour is described with Swift's equation, and the change of Young's modulus under deformation is addressed. As compared with other models, the model described in the paper is capable of generating information such as required punch displacement and the unfolded blank size, very accurately. With in-process measurement of the spring-back angle, the punch displacement can be calculated even more accurately.

Virtual manufacturing for press line monitoring and diagnostics

“…Modelling and simulation of brakeforming and more in particular air bending has been the focus of renewed attention during the nineties, but recent articles [20,21] and industrial projects [22] show that modelling and simulation of these processes still receives ample attention in academia and industry. Models for air bending are often FE models [23,24] or analytical models [25,26]. Examples of the application of process models for in-process control can be found in [27,28].…”

Experimental identification of a thermo-mechanical model for air bending

“…Also mechanical behaviour of the sheet material, is an important factor influencing the process (Inamdar et al, 2002). Other authors have developed analytical and numerical models that had to be experimentally validated (Livatyali and Altan, 2001;Forcellese et al, 1998;Huang and Leu, 1998;de Vin et al, 1996;de Vin, 2000;Asnafi, 2000). These works involved more or less complicated experimental set ups, including measurements systems, sometimes developed to work in process.…”

Theoretical analysis of air bending at high temperature

“…Decreasing batch sizes in sheet metal part manufacturing, higher accuracy demands and shorter lead times, call for flexible processes (de Vin et al, 1996). On the other hand, advanced materials recently used in structural applications (like high resistance steels in automotive applications), present reduced formability (Hsu et al, 2002).…”