A Process Model Collection and Gold Standard Correspondences for Process Model Matching

Shahzad, Khurram; Nawab, Rao Muhammad Adeel; Abid, Adnan; Sharif, Kareem; Ali, Faizan; Aslam, Faisal; Mazhar, Arslaan

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2900174

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…A recent study has developed a collection of 600 diverse process models, which has been reused in this paper. The diversity in process models indicates that the collection contains multiple variants of each process model in which the same labels are paraphrased.…”

Section: Corpora Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For generating the collection of 600 models, at first, 150 process models were collected from diverse domains, including ordering processing, health care, university admission, and birth registration . This initial collection contained process models of different sizes, densities, network connectivity, and etc.…”

Section: Corpora Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HR variant of a model is generated by significantly rephrasing each label of the model. Note these changes to all the variants were made in such a way that the semantics of the labels and the process model remains intact . Figure provides an overview of generating the collection of process models that we have used as a source in this study.…”

Section: Corpora Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On comparing manual and automatic generated textual descriptions of business process models

Shahzad

Zaheer

Nawab

et al. 2019

J Software Evolu Process

Self Cite

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Several organizations maintain textual process descriptions alongside graphical process descriptions to make them usable for all stakeholders. Maintaining textual process descriptions in the presence of continuously changing processes is a labor-intensive task. Therefore, the automatic generation of textual descriptions is desirable. However, the trade-offs between the manual and automatic generation of descriptions are yet to be investigated. To that end, this paper aims to answer two vital questions. How similar are the descriptions generated by the two approaches?What is the impact of using the two types of descriptions on process matching? To answer these specific questions, we have generated textual descriptions of 552 process models using the two approaches. To answer the first question, we have applied six text-matching techniques and established that the descriptions overlap significantly; however, the formulation of sentences is substantially different. For answering the second question, we have used 11 text-matching techniques to evaluate the impact of both descriptions on process matching. Results show (a) the choice of matching technique, and the type of description, have an impact on the matching performance and (b) vector space model (VSM) is the most appropriate matching technique whereas 5 gram is the worst performing technique. KEYWORDSbusiness process management, empirical study, information retrieval, software engineering, textual process description INTRODUCTIONBusiness process models play a critical role to comprehensively document the workflow of organizations. 1,2 These models have proven to be a valuable artifact as they enable formalizing the functional requirements that should be supported by software systems. 3,4 Figure 1 shows an example process model expressed in a widely used modeling language, business process model and notation (BPMN). The example model is composed of eight activities, two AND gateways, and two XOR gateways. The activities are depicted by rounded edged rectangles, whereas AND gateways are depicted by a diamond shape having (+) sign inside it. The AND gateways represent the concurrent execution of activities. In contrast, XOR gateways, depicted by a diamond shape with a (×) sign inside it, represents the decision point of subsequent activities.Process models are widely acknowledged as an effective tool for the visualization of business operations. 5 However, recognizing that some stakeholders have difficulties in reading and interpreting process models, organizations maintain textual process descriptions alongside graphical counterparts. 2,6-9 The textual process descriptions use natural language text to outline the specifications of business processes. While such descriptions may not be suitable to represent complex aspects of a process in a precise manner, they can be created, maintained and understood by virtually everyone. 10 Recent studies have established that the comprehension of process specification increases among business professionals and technical exper...

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Section: Corpora Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corpora Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corpora Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On comparing manual and automatic generated textual descriptions of business process models

Shahzad

Zaheer

Nawab

et al. 2019

J Software Evolu Process

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In order to develop a process model, process management is deemed as the next crucial step. Typically, process management is explained as an effective way to present all the objective and subjective business goals in graphical format [29]. A process is a pictorial illustration of a specific goal, while Business Process Management is the art of skillfully presenting the said goal [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Security Behavior and Information Security Policy Compliance: A Systematic Literature Review for Identifying the Transformation Process from Noncompliance to Compliance

et al. 2021

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A grave concern to an organization’s information security is employees’ behavior when they do not value information security policy compliance (ISPC). Most ISPC studies evaluate compliance and noncompliance behaviors separately. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of the factors that transform the employees’ behavior from noncompliance to compliance. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR), highlighting the studies done concerning information security behavior (ISB) towards ISPC in multiple settings: research frameworks, research designs, and research methodologies over the last decade. We found that ISPC research focused more on compliance behaviors than noncompliance behaviors. Value conflicts, security-related stress, and neutralization, among many other factors, provided significant evidence towards noncompliance. At the same time, internal/external and protection motivations proved positively significant towards compliance behaviors. Employees perceive internal and external motivations from their social circle, management behaviors, and organizational culture to adopt security-aware behaviors. Deterrence techniques, management behaviors, culture, and information security awareness play a vital role in transforming employees’ noncompliance into compliance behaviors. This SLR’s motivation is to synthesize the literature on ISPC and ISB, identifying the behavioral transformation process from noncompliance to compliance. This SLR contributes to information system security literature by providing a behavior transformation process model based on the existing ISPC literature.

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“…optimal, reusable, flexible, and incorporate with information technology [2], include the use of event log of a workflow process to be mined [3]. A business process model or process model is a conceptual model which depends on the business procedure in a company [4] that can be applied for many different applications, such as information related to processing in an organization and the requirements of the system [5]. Fauzan [6] states that business process models can also be developed for several other purposes, such as increasing profit by applying a model based on standard operational procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Similarity Method based on Weighted Graph Models for Matching Parallel Business Process Models

Setiawan¹,

Sungkono²,

Sarno³

2020

IJIES

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In business process, similarity is important for comparing between business process models. The existing similarity methods, such as Graph-based Matching Method (GMA), Weighted Graph Edit Distance (WGED), Weighted Node Adjacent Relation Similarity (WNARS), Tree Declarative Pattern Edit Distance (TPED) and Cosine-Tree Declarative Pattern (Cosine-TDP) can distinguish between AND, OR, and XOR relationships. However, they have drawbacks in detecting same relationships with different event logs. This paper proposes a new similarity method based on weighted graph models called weighted graph-based parallel process model matching (WGPPM) for computing the behaviour of parallel activity relationships. The proposed method utilizes the frequency of activity relationships as the weight in the graph model to measure the similarity between processes containing parallel relationships. WGPPM is compared with GMA, WGED, WNARS, TPED, and Cosine-TDP. The result shows that WGPPM is able to compute similarity between same parallel relationship with different event logs.

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A Process Model Collection and Gold Standard Correspondences for Process Model Matching

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

On comparing manual and automatic generated textual descriptions of business process models

On comparing manual and automatic generated textual descriptions of business process models

Information Security Behavior and Information Security Policy Compliance: A Systematic Literature Review for Identifying the Transformation Process from Noncompliance to Compliance

A New Similarity Method based on Weighted Graph Models for Matching Parallel Business Process Models

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