A Process for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Recovery from Tablets Using Green Engineering Technology

Hsieh, Daniel; Lindrud, Mark; Lu, Xujin; Zordan, Christopher A.; Tang, Liya; Davies, Merrill L.

doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00146

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The molecular weight cutoff of the ultrafiltration membrane can be chosen to maximize the amount of PEG retentate in the membrane. 32 Moreover, impurities from the nanofibril suspension that enter the PEG solution through the absorbed water (e.g., ions) can also be rejected during the PEG ultrafiltration recycling process. The integrated process also offers the typical energy benefits of membrane-based processes relative to other water removal processes; reverse dialysis occurs spontaneously, and energy is only required to reject the removed water from the system via PEG ultrafiltration.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscosity of a 20 wt % PEG solution (35k molecular weight) is 0.15 Pa·s, which is easily flowable, and can therefore be easily pumped through an ultrafiltration module as retentate. The highly soluble PEG molecules will not aggregate and foul the filtration membrane during the reconcentration recycling process. − When reverse dialysis is combined with a closed-loop reconcentration process for the PEG solution, the overall process is sustainable in terms of PEG material needs, since PEG is not consumed. The molecular weight cutoff of the ultrafiltration membrane can be chosen to maximize the amount of PEG retentate in the membrane .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dewatering Cellulose Nanomaterial Suspensions and Preparing Concentrated Polymer Composite Gels via Reverse Dialysis

Liao

Pham

Breedveld

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) are typically produced in aqueous suspensions at low concentrations, which require subsequent dewatering to reduce transportation cost or as a preprocessing step for applications that require higher CNM loadings such as rheological modifiers and composites. Reverse dialysis is an effective method that avoids common dewatering issues like irreversible aggregation and sample heterogeneity. In this study, samples for dewatering were placed inside a dialysis bag and immersed in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution. The water removal process is driven by the osmotic pressure difference. Dewatered TEMPO-cellulose nanofibril (TEMPO-CNF) was redispersible after allowing for time to rehydrate; the original viscosity was recovered after a dewatering-redilution cycle. The generalizability of reverse dialysis was demonstrated by also dewatering suspensions of cellulose nanocrystal and chitin nanofiber. Furthermore, concentrated and well-dispersed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/TEMPO-CNF composite gels were obtained via reverse dialysis at loadings that were difficult to achieve by other methods. Reverse dialysis thus increases the processing range for these sustainable nanomaterials while preserving their beneficial morphological properties. Reverse dialysis can be added to manufacturing processes; recycling of the PEG solutions via ultrafiltration can be used to create an energy-efficient, sustainable, closed-loop dewatering process for cellulose nanomaterials that are hard to redisperse.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dewatering Cellulose Nanomaterial Suspensions and Preparing Concentrated Polymer Composite Gels via Reverse Dialysis

Liao

Pham

Breedveld

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Research that was conducted by Hsieh et al [ 83 ] indicates that the lifespan of specific Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) can be extended where APIs from medicines can be recovered and reused for new formulation development if they do not contain excipients. The recovery process can be done using green engineering, a technique that uses water for the separation process and mechanical energy to provide the power for membrane separation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process used are tablet milling and dissolution, solid-liquid separation, diafiltration by ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis membrane operation, and crystallization. The recovery process helps to reuse of the API and minimize the cost of API production [ 83 ]. Some important points need to be considered for the recovery process [ 84 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Create a Circular Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (CPSC) to Reduce Medicines Waste?

et al. 2020

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Background: The increase in pharmaceutical waste medicines is a global phenomenon and financial burden. The Circular Economy, as a philosophy within the pharmaceutical supply chain, aims to promote waste reduction, maximise medicines value, and enable sustainability within this supply chain (increasing circularity). Circularity strategies for pharmaceuticals are not currently implemented in many countries, due to quality and safety barriers. The aim of this study was to determine whether the application of circular economy principles can minimise pharmaceutical waste and support sustainability in the pharmaceutical supply chain; Methods: a detailed narrative literature review was conducted in order to examine pharmaceutical waste creation, management, disposal, and the application of circular economy principles; Results: the literature scrutinised revealed that pharmaceutical waste is created by multiple routes, each of which need to be addressed by pharmacists and healthcare bodies through the Circular Economy 9R principles. These principles act as a binding mechanism for disparate waste management initiatives. Medicines, or elements of a pharmaceutical product, can be better managed to reduce waste, cost, and reduce negative environmental impacts through unsafe disposal. Conclusions: the study findings outline a Circular Pharmaceutical Supply Chain and suggests that it should be considered and tested as a sustainable supply chain proposition.

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“…Through the development in the field of green engineering technologies, scientists are now able to extract API from non-expired or EOL/EOU medicines. The recovery of the API process is over 90% effective, making it suitable for further formulation development (Hsieh et al, 2017 ). Effective segregation of medical waste on the consumer level would further ensure sustainable waste management practices such as recycling and reusing products.…”

Section: Data Collection and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of the circular supply chain management in the pharmaceutical industry

Khan

Ali

2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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The ever-increasing levels of pollution and waste creation have subjected industries around the world to incorporate the concept of circular economy (CE) in their supply chains. The amalgamation of the CE approach along with supply chain management is called circular supply chain management (CSCM). Among other industries, the pharmaceutical industry is also involved in damaging the ecosystem. Hence, an effective framework for the adoption of CSCM in a particular industry is very essential. Therefore, this paper aims to devise a model that will help the pharmaceutical industries to adopt CSCM in their organizations. For this purpose, the study in the first phase identifies ten barriers that are working as an impediment in the adoption of the CSCM approach. To counter those barriers, the study in the second phase identifies a set of twelve enablers. To analyse the barriers and enablers, the study uses a new hybrid methodology. For allocating weights and prioritizing the barriers, the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, i.e. fuzzy full consistency method (F-FUCOM) is used, whereas the total quality management tool, i.e. fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD) is used to rank the enablers. The results from F-FUCOM suggest “lack of financial resources and funding”, “market challenges”, and “lack of coordination and collaboration among the entire supply chain network” to be the top-most barriers, respectively, whereas the results achieved from the FQFD suggest “industrial symbiosis”, “Reverse Logistic (RL) infrastructure”, and “block chain technology” to be the top-ranked enablers, respectively. The provision of a facilitating framework for the adoption of CSCM in the pharmaceutical industry and the newly developed hybrid methodology are both novelties of this study.

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A Process for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Recovery from Tablets Using Green Engineering Technology

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Dewatering Cellulose Nanomaterial Suspensions and Preparing Concentrated Polymer Composite Gels via Reverse Dialysis

Dewatering Cellulose Nanomaterial Suspensions and Preparing Concentrated Polymer Composite Gels via Reverse Dialysis

Can We Create a Circular Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (CPSC) to Reduce Medicines Waste?

Implementation of the circular supply chain management in the pharmaceutical industry

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