A procedure for evaluating the reliability of a gingivitis index

Kingman, Albert

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb01479.x

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The conflicting results presented in the literature with respect to the association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease may relate to both a vague classificatioti of diabetes mellitus and the use of different indices for asses-sing prevalence and severity of periodontal disease (Sznajder et al, 1978, Manoucher-Pour & Bissada 1983, Also several of the variables used to study the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease show great inter-and intra-examiner variability (Ciancio 1986, Lobene 1986, Kingman 1986). In addition, it is difficult to perform reliability tests of variables such as plaque and gingivitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal conditions in insulin‐dependent diabetics

Hugoson

Thorstensson

Faltt

et al. 1989

J Clinic Periodontology

181

115

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The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in age- and sex-matched adult long- and short-duration insulin-dependent diabetics and non-diabetics. The study involved 82 subjects with long- and 72 with short-duration diabetes and 77 non-diabetics, all aged 20-70 years. The clinical and radiographic examination comprised recordings of the number of existing teeth, absence or presence of plaque and supra- and subgingival calculus, gingival conditions, probing pocket depth and alveolar bone level. There were no significant differences in the number of existing teeth or presence of plaque and supra- and subgingival calculus between long- and short-duration diabetics and non-diabetics. Diabetics, irrespective of the duration of the disease, had a higher prevalence of sites with gingivitis than non-diabetics. Overall, there were no significant differences between the groups regarding the prevalence of tooth surfaces with probing pocket depths of 4 and 5 mm. However, on comparison between age subgroups, long-duration diabetics younger than 45 years had significantly more 4 and 5 mm pockets than non-diabetics. Long-duration diabetics altogether had significantly more tooth surfaces with probing depth greater than or equal to 6 mm than non-diabetics. The radiographs of alveolar bone height exhibited significantly more extensive alveolar bone loss in long-duration diabetics aged 40-49 years than in short-duration diabetics and non-diabetics. This, together with the increased number of subjects belonging to classification groups with severe periodontal disease experience among long-duration diabetics, indicates more periodontal disease in these diabetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal conditions in insulin‐dependent diabetics

Hugoson

Thorstensson

Faltt

et al. 1989

J Clinic Periodontology

181

115

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“…The common metric used in dental epidemiology is the kappa coefficient computed using information from tooth surfaces (4, 9, 20). In this paper we present findings on the overall reliability of two sets of examiners who were trained and calibrated using ICDAS.…”

Section: Reliability Of Icdasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries

Ismaïl

Sohn

Téllez

et al. 2007

Comm Dent Oral Epid

1,127

1,013

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This paper describes early findings of evaluations of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) conducted by the Detroit Center for Research on Oral Health Disparities (DCR-OHD). The lack of consistency among the contemporary criteria systems limits the comparability of outcomes measured in epidemiological and clinical studies. The ICDAS criteria were developed by an international team of caries researchers to integrate several new criteria systems into one standard system for caries detection and assessment. Using ICDAS in the DCR-OHD cohort study, dental examiners first determined whether a clean and dry tooth surface is sound, sealed, restored, crowned, or missing. Afterwards, the examiners classified the carious status of each tooth surface using a seven-point ordinal scale ranging from sound to extensive cavitation. Histological examination of extracted teeth found increased likelihood of carious demineralization in dentin as the ICDAS codes increased in severity. The criteria were also found to have discriminatory validity in analyses of social, behavioral and dietary factors associated with dental caries. The reliability of six examiners to classify tooth surfaces by their ICDAS carious status ranged between good to excellent (kappa coefficients ranged between 0.59 and 0.82). While further work is still needed to define caries activity, validate the criteria and their reliability in assessing dental caries on smooth surfaces, and develop a classification system for assessing preventive and restorative treatment needs, this early evaluation of the ICDAS platform has found that the system is practical; has content validity, correlational validity with histological examination of pits and fissures in extracted teeth; and discriminatory validity.

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“…Consequently the reproducibility of bleeding measurements has been a problem. It is important to note that the degree of intra-and inter-examiner reliability achievable is fundamental in deciding which index is appropriate for use in clinical trials and epidemiological studies (Kingman, 1986). The EIBI have been shown to have high levels of examiner agreement and a reason for this reliability may be due to the method of stimulation used for bleeding and the location (mid-interproximal tissue) of the inflammatory lesions that were examined (Blieden et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%