A procedure for enriching and cleaning up Rhodamine B and rhodamine WT in natural waters, using a Sep-pak C18 cartridge

Laane, R.W.P.M.; Manuels, M.W.; Staal, W.J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(84)90064-2

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[1975], Smart and Laidlaw [1977], Aulenbach et al . [1978], Abidi [1982], Behrens and Teichmann [1982], Laidlaw and Smart [1982], Laane et al . [1984], Smart [1984], Abidi et al .…”

Section: Use Of Dyes As Hydrological Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dyes as tracers for vadose zone hydrology

Flury

Wai

2003

Reviews of Geophysics

242

166

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[1] Dyes are important tracers to investigate subsurface water movement. For more than a century, dye tracers have provided clues about the hydrological cycle as well as flow and transport processes in the subsurface. Groundwater contamination often originates in the vadose zone. Agrochemicals applied to the soil surface, toxic compounds accidentally spilled by human activities, and contaminants released from waste repositories leach through the vadose zone and can ultimately pollute groundwater resources. Dyes are an important tool to assess flow pathways of such contaminants. This review compiles information on dyes used as hydrological tracers, with particular emphasis on vadose zone hydrology. We summarize briefly different human-applied tracers, including nondye tracers. We then provide a historical sketch of the use of dyes as tracers and describe newer developments in visualization and quantification of tracer experiments. Relevant chemical properties of dyes used as tracers are discussed and illustrated with dye intermediates and selected dye tracers. The types of dyes used as tracers in subsurface hydrology are summarized, and recommendations are made regarding the use of dye tracers. The review concludes with a toxicological assessment of dyes used as hydrological tracers. Many different dyes have been proposed as tracers for water movement in the subsurface. All of these compounds, however, are to some degree retarded by the subsurface medium. Nevertheless, dyes are useful tracers to visualize flow pathways.

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“…[1975], Smart and Laidlaw [1977], Aulenbach et al . [1978], Abidi [1982], Behrens and Teichmann [1982], Laidlaw and Smart [1982], Laane et al . [1984], Smart [1984], Abidi et al .…”

Section: Use Of Dyes As Hydrological Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1980], Abidi [1982], Behrens and Teichmann [1982], Laidlaw and Smart [1982], Bencala et al . [1983], Johnson and Steinheimer [1984], Laane et al . [1984], Smart [1984], Abidi et al .…”

Section: Use Of Dyes As Hydrological Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyes as tracers for vadose zone hydrology

Flury

Wai

2003

Reviews of Geophysics

242

166

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“…Rhodamine WT was measured on a Turner model 111 fluorometer in 1989 and a Hitachi F-2000 in 1990. Measurements for chloride were made after passing the sample through Millipore (Sep-pak Cl 8) cartridges to remove the rhodamine WT (Laane et al 1984) followed by analyses by the calorimetric automated ferric cyanide method with a Technicon AutoAnalyzer (U.S. Environ. Protect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport dynamics of fine particulate organic matter in two Idaho streams

1993

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Natural suspended fine particulate organic matter (FPOM, was labeled with 14C and reinjected to estimate transport distances in the water column and retention times within the sediments of two Idaho streams. Transport of labeled FPOM particles declined exponentially with downstream distance. yielding mean transport distances of 800 and 580 m in Smiley Creek in 1989 and 1990 at a mean water velocity of 0.27 m ss' and mean depth of 0.34 m in both years, and a distance of 630 m in the upper Salmon River at a mean velocity of 0.29 m s ' and a depth of 0.14 m. These travel distances are equivalent to vertical deposition velocities of 0.7-l .6 mm s I, or -7-12% of the temperature-corrected quiescent-water fall velocities of the FPOM particles. The estimated deposition flux of -1.5 g (AFDM) m 1 d ' would turn over the standing stock of 0.8 g m 1 in surficial sediments twice daily.Sampling of benthic FPOM 24 h after release indicated that -99% of the 14C-labeled FPOM initially deposited in the 1,005-m study reach had been resuspended and exported; subsequent clearing was much slower. An advection-dispersion model satisfactorily simulated the deposition of 14C-labeled particles and their subsequent resuspension and export from the reach. Model-estimated retention times were 1.5-3 h for 99% of deposited sediments and 17 d for the remaining 1%.Thus, particles in surficial sediments exchange rapidly with the water column and migrate downstream several kilometers per day in alternating deposition and resuspension events. These results support the overall concept that conditions throughout a river system are strongly connected longitudinally and that OM introduced in headwater reaches can be transported large distances for later use or storage elsewhere in the river or for eventual export to estuaries. AcknowledgmentsThis work was performed under NSF grant BSR 88-178 19. Many people contributed to the successful labor-intensive field studies; they include Douglas Andrews, M. Arunachalam, James Check, Paul Dey, Peter Koetsier, Deron Lawrence, Michael McIntyre, Janet Mihuc, Tim Mihuc, Judy Minshall, Susannah Minshall, Dan Misner, Gregory Mladenka, Bruce Olenick, Christopher Robinson, George Watters, and the students and associates of the Community School in Ketchum, Idaho. Special recognition is due to C. Robinson for implementing field activities, G. Mladenka for developing dye and particle delivery systems, D. Lawrence for determining rhodamine, and M. Arunachalam and P. Dey for characterizing FPOM and determining respiratory loss of radioactive label. Don Edwards performed the labeling of the FPOM and radioanalyses of the transport samples. Benthic radioanalyses were done by IT Analytical Services. Kathy Lahala did the SEM photography. The manuscript was improved by the comments of the reviewers.

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“…To determine the amount of Rhodamine B, some conventional solid‐phase extractants such as Waters HLB cartridge , MCX , C 18 cartridge , neutral alumina column, or some homemade solid‐phase extractants have been applied in the sample pretreatment. As shown in Table , the performance of the most studied solid‐phase extractants used for the enrichment of Rhodamine B is disclosed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconcentration and analysis of Rhodamine B in water and red wine samples by using magnesium hydroxide/carbon nanotube composites as a solid-phase extractant

Liu

Chen

et al. 2015

J. Sep. Science

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A convenient and accurate analysis approach that combined solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine the amount of Rhodamine B in red wine and Xiang-jiang river water samples. A novel composite, magnesium hydroxide/carbon nanotube composites, was synthesized and used as the solid-phase extractant for the preconcentration/analysis of Rhodamine B. Magnesium hydroxide/carbon nanotube composites, which combined the merits of carbon nanotubes and magnesium hydroxide, exhibited acceptable adsorption and desorption efficiencies for Rhodamine B. The linear range of the proposed solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method for Rhodamine B was 0.05-20.0 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 3.6 μg/L. The precision and reproducibility of the developed solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method and the batch-to-batch reproducibility of the solid-phase extractant were also validated at spiking levels of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L. The recovery of Rhodamine B was 94.33-106.7%, and the recovery relative standard deviations of the intra- and interday precisions were ≤ 3.83 and ≤ 6.01%, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the batch-to-batch reproducibility was ≤ 7.98%.

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A procedure for enriching and cleaning up Rhodamine B and rhodamine WT in natural waters, using a Sep-pak C18 cartridge

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Dyes as tracers for vadose zone hydrology

Dyes as tracers for vadose zone hydrology

Transport dynamics of fine particulate organic matter in two Idaho streams

Preconcentration and analysis of Rhodamine B in water and red wine samples by using magnesium hydroxide/carbon nanotube composites as a solid-phase extractant

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