“…The signature-based approaches focus on the type information about the interface of a software component (e.g., Zaremski and Wing, 1995). A signature matching can be used for model retrieval and it can be further relaxed by using a specialization (or generalization) of signatures (Zhuge, 1998;Zhuge, 2000). But, the indirect specialization (caused by transitivity) and impure specialization (e.g., partial specialization), which are neglected in previous works, often exist in real applications besides the pure specialization relationship.…”