A problem of nomenclature (II): Freund's adjuvants

Four commercially available arthritogenic adjuvants ('modified Perrigens') were compared with a Mycobacterium butyricum-mineral oil adjuvant for their ability to induce arthritis in male Holtzman rats. The induced arthritides were also compared with respect to their response to treatment with phenylbutazone and cyclophosphamide. Trivial differences were noted among the various adjuvants in their capability to induce the disease, the severity of the disease, or the response of the disease to therapeutic (phenylbutazone) or prophylactic (cyclophosphamide) administration of drugs. It was concluded that any one of the adjuvants was probably suitable for inducing an arthritis in rats for the testing of drugs and that perhaps other variables in the assay are more important in explaining inter-laboratory variation.

Section: Butyricum-drakeol Adjuvant Was Not Included In This Study)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of some standard arthritogenic adjuvants (‘modified Perrigens’) in male rats

Swingle¹,

Grant²

1977

“…On the 12th day post-injection the severity of the induced arthritis in the feet and tails was scored by standard measuring techniques [14]. Changes in body weight were also recorded in this period.…”

Section: Anti-lnflammatory Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the determination of the effects of the test drugs in the standard model of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, groups of 6-8 female hooded rats (160-200 g body weigh0 were injected with 500/zg heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suspended in 50 gl squalane, in the base of the tail [14]. On the 12th day post-injection the severity of the induced arthritis in the feet and tails was scored by standard measuring techniques [14].…”

Section: Anti-lnflammatory Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory/anti-pyretic salicylic acid esters with low gastric ulcerogenic activity

Rainsford

Whitehouse

1980

The methyl and some other esters of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids and their derivatives were found to have much lower gastric ulcerogenic activity (when assayed in the stress-sensitized rat) compared with their corresponding acids. There was little or no loss in therapeutic potencies of these salicylate esters as determined by assessment of anti-inflammatory activity (against the carrageenan-induced oedema) and antipyretic activity (against yeast-induced fever in rats. The methyl ester of acetylsalicylic acid (=AME) was almost devoid of gastric irritancy/ulcerogenicity (as observed with acetylsalicylic acid) when given orally to pigs for 10 days. AME had appreciable anti-inflammatory activity in the adjuvant-arthritis model and at high doses (200 mg/kg t.i.d.) was without the lethal effects seen with acetylsalicylic acid. Moreover, no toxic effects were seen after long-term administration of 100-1000 mg/kg/day AME for 3-4 months. The results provide further evidence for the hypothesis that the carboxylic acid moiety of salicylates is a major factor in the gastric ulcerogenic activity of these drugs. The methyl esters of these salicylates may be considered as models for the development of pro-drugs and in some cases may be therapeutic alternatives to acetylsalicylic acid or salicylate.

“…The bacteria have been formulated in a mineral oil and in some alternate oily vehicles of more defined chemical composition and proven co-arthritogenicity [4,5]. These arthritogenic Perrigens contain no emulsifier or aqueous component and should be designated as Fd/BO adjuvants [6]. They offer two modest advantages over some of the 'homemade' adjuvants described in the literature: they avoid using both M. butyricum and oily vehicles of sometimes diverse, and usually uncertain, chemical composition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…the same source of supply used by N~WBOtlLD for his pioneering study of drug effects on adjuvant disease [3]. The bacteria have been formulated in a mineral oil and in some alternate oily vehicles of more defined chemical composition and proven co-arthritogenicity [4,5]. These arthritogenic Perrigens contain no emulsifier or aqueous component and should be designated as Fd/BO adjuvants [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardisation of arthritogenic adjuvants for evaluating anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs

Whitehouse

Beck

1974

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