A probable crosstalk between Ca⁺², reactive oxygen species accumulation and scavenging mechanisms and modulation of protein kinase C activity during seed development in sunflower

Low‐order fine roots of Picea asperata have different physiological mechanisms in response to seasonal freeze and freeze–thaw of soil

“…In addition, the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA content can induce production of antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes (proline and soluble protein) (Figs 5 and 6), which is consistent with previous studies (Ke et al 2014;Thakur & Bhatla 2014). Many studies have suggested that ROS scavenging enzymes, such as SOD, POD, CAT, and APX, are important components of the plant antioxidant system that protect cell membranes and organelles from ROS damage (Ke et al 2014;Thakur & Bhatla 2014). It has been found that SOD is the first step of the antioxidant defence mechanism, removing the superoxide ion and converting O 2 Á À into O 2 and H 2 O 2 (Yang et al 2014), while CAT and POD mainly remove the peroxide H 2 O 2 in order to slow its toxicity to cells (Rangani et al 2016).…”

“…In addition, the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA content can induce production of antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes (proline and soluble protein) (Figs 5 and 6), which is consistent with previous studies (Ke et al . 2014; Thakur & Bhatla 2014). Many studies have suggested that ROS scavenging enzymes, such as SOD, POD, CAT, and APX, are important components of the plant antioxidant system that protect cell membranes and organelles from ROS damage (Ke et al .…”

Proteomic analysis of oil body membrane proteins accompanying the onset of desiccation phase during sunflower seed development

“…Seed development in sunflower can be divided into 3 phases: cell division, cell proliferation and cell enlargement, seed filling phase and desiccation phase leading to seed maturation. 22 Seed development at 20, 30 and 40 d after anthesis (DAA) exhibited noteworthy changes in the degree of vacuolation, cell size and degree of abundance of oil bodies in the developing seeds ( Fig. 1).…”

“…A gradual dehydration and oil body accumulation was evident in developing sunflower seeds during transition from 30-40 DAA stage of seed development. 22 With seed maturation, cell size was relatively reduced and cells got filled with clusters of smaller oil bodies. Earlier investigations have revealed that oil body biogenesis in developing oilseeds starts within a few days after anthesis whereby oleosins and some other minor proteins are expressed on the oil body membrane.…”

“…43 Estimation of total SOD activity has revealed a peak at DAA stage as compared to the 20 DAA stage. 22 These observations indicate that the scavenging role of SOD at the mid-stage of seed development is more than any other ROS scavenging enzyme. Catalase (CAT) is a tetrameric enzyme responsible for the removal of the potentially toxic hydrogen peroxide produced under various stress conditions, by catalyzing the dissociation of H 2 O 2 into water and oxygen.…”