A Probabilistic Method to Identify HTTP/1.1 Slow Rate DoS Attacks

Kullback-Leibler Divergence(KLD) Formalism of The Stable Queue with KLD Applications to Biometrics

“…Hence, KL divergence is negative, which contradicts that fact that KL divergence is nonnegative(c.f. [22]).…”

“…The invariance axiom states that "The same solution should be obtained if the same inference problem is solved twice in two different coordinate systems" (c.f., [22]). Following the analytic methodology proposed in [6] and adopting the notation of Subsection 1, let Ξ be a coordinate transformation from state {S , n = 1,2, … , N} to state {M , n = 1,2, … , N}, where M be a transformed set of N possible discrete states, namely M = {M , n = 1,2, … , N}with 𝛤(p , (M )= Ξ (p , (S ), where J is the Jacobian J = ( ) ( ) .…”