A probabilistic approach to sand particle crushing in the triaxial test

Nakata, Yoshihiro; Hyde, A. F. L.; Hyodo, Masayuki; Murata, Hidekazu

doi:10.1680/geot.51.3.285.39361

Cited by 50 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Here we define the nature of a soil particle as the combination of its geometry (roughness and shape) and its mechanical response (strength and stiffness). Over the past decade significant progress has been made; for example the relationship between particle strength and compression behaviour has been investigated in detail by McDowell & Bolton (1998) and Nakata et al (1999), while the DEM analyses of Thornton (2000) and others have indicated a stronger correlation between the macro-scale angle of shearing resistance and inter-particle friction then experimental work of Skinner (1969). In the small strain region, Clayton & Heymann (2001) demonstrated that particle shape can have a significant impact on stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the evolution of soil fabric during shearing using scalar parameters

Fonseca¹,

O’Sullivan²,

Coop³

et al. 2013

Géotechnique

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This paper describes an experimental study examining the influence of the mechanical and geometrical properties of the constituent grains on the overall material response of cohesionless granular materials. Glass ballotini were used as an analogue soil; their relatively simple geometry allowed the influence of particle shape and inter-particle friction to be examined independently. Techniques were developed to control the surface roughness of the ballotini to facilitate a parametric study. The particle shape was also varied by crushing the ballotini. At the micro-scale, the particle characterization included accurate measurements of inter-particle friction, contact stiffness, particle surface roughness, and particle shape. At the macro-scale the sensitivity of overall material response to changes in surface roughness and geometry was characterized using triaxial tests and oedometer tests on smooth spherical ballotini, roughened ballotini and crushed angular ballotini.Compression tests indicated that the initial load deformation response at particle-particle contact points is significantly softer than previously believed. Optical interferometry of particles after single particle-particle shearing tests confirmed that plastic strains occurred at the contact point, which were related to plastic yield. A Hertzian response was only seen at higher contact loads. A clear relationship between the inter-particle friction and the particle surface roughness was found. However, the macro-scale experiments indicated that while the material response may be slightly dependant on the surface roughness and friction, the influence of particle shape is very much more significant.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the evolution of soil fabric during shearing using scalar parameters

Fonseca¹,

O’Sullivan²,

Coop³

et al. 2013

Géotechnique

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“…Both of these observations are consistent with the fact that the average contact stress tends to decrease with more particles surrounding each particle. Several researchers have found that the amount of grain crushing under isotropic loading conditions is lower than under shearing [17,23,28]. As far as the characteristics of the constituent particles are concerned, it is well established that: (i) as the individual particle size increases, particle crushing increases, due to the fact that larger particles have a higher probability of containing defects or flaws; (ii) increasing the particle angularity increases particle breakage; (iii) increasing the mineral hardness decreases the amount of particle crushing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of recent detailed studies have considered the relationship between particle crushing and soil mechanical behaviour ( [1,[3][4][5]4,7,9,23,25,28,36]). From the point of view of constitutive modelling, the question to be addressed is how microscopic degradation phenomena, such as grain crushing, affect the macroscopic properties of a granular aggregate, ideally deducing macroscopic constitutive equations from micromechanical consideration of some underlying microscopic process [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakage of an artificial crushable material under loading

2013

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The mechanical behaviour of granular materials depends on their grading. Crushing of particles under compression or shear modifies the grain size distribution, with a tendency for the percentage of fine material to increase. It follows that the frictional properties of the material and the critical states are modified as a consequence of the changes in grain size distribution and the available range of packing densities. This paper illustrates an extended experimental investigation of the evolution of the grading of an artificial granular material, consisting of crushed expanded clay pellets under different loading conditions. The changes of grading of the material after isotropic, one-dimensional and constant mean effective stress triaxial compression were described using a single parameter based on the ratio of the areas under the current and an ultimate cumulative particle size distribution, which were both assumed to be consistent with self similar grading with varying fractal dimension. Relative breakage was related to the total work input for unit of volume. For poorly graded samples, the observed maximum rate of breakage is practically independent of initial uniformity. Further

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“…(5), the yield function of the constitutive model for sand with particle crushing is given in Eq. (8). 2.2 M c and M f curves with different reference crushing stresses and determination of the reference crushing stress Fig.…”

Section: Constitutive Model For Granular Materials With Crushingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this breakage reference stress did not focus on its relevant form of granular material in triaxial tests from a macro viewpoint but was directly linked to the mechanical behaviour under specific loading. Nakata et al (1999) [8] had only correlated the maximum value of mean normal stress with breakage factor. The constitutive model proposed by Yao et al (2008) which adopts a reference crushing stress provides an option to solve this difficulty [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on the Reference Crushing Stress of Granular Materials in Triaxial Compression Test

Yamamoto

2015

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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KeywordsConstitutive model · particle crushing · single particle strength · particle diameter · relative density Yang WuDepartment of Civil Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558611, Japan e-mail: yangwuuu0226@hotmail.com Haruyuki YamamotoGraduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7398529, Japan e-mail: a040564@hiroshima-u.ac.jp IntroductionEstimation of crushing stress is vital to comprehend the crushing mechanism of granular material. In geotechnical practice, it is significantly important to consider and decide the crushing stress of granular material when we estimate the bearing capacity of pile penetrating into crushable sand and analyze the stability of soil at bottom of the dam. For an individual particle, tensile strength is a very useful index because that it expresses the average stress or force on a single grain. It can be measured from a single particle crushing test. The volume of a grain is assumed to be spherical for simplification. Dexter and Kroesbergen (1985) [1] had compared a numbered of methods to calculate the tensile stress of granular materials. Many researchers (Jaeger (1967), McDowell et al. (1996), McDowell and Bolton (1998), Nakata et al. (2001b), McDowell and Debono (2013)) [2-6] had rewritten the equation by revising the expression of grain diameter. Essentially, the tensile stress expresses the strength of a grain from a micro viewpoint. In most cases, the crushing strength for a specimen of assembled grains but not an individual particle is in urgent demand for laboratorial tests and field practice. However, very limited studies have been conducted on the crushing stress of granular material in triaxial compression tests.The influence of such a kind of strength index on the mechanical behaviour of granular materials needs further examination. Harbin (1985) [7] had defined a relative breakage index containing the breakage reference stress. However, this breakage reference stress did not focus on its relevant form of granular material in triaxial tests from a macro viewpoint but was directly linked to the mechanical behaviour under specific loading. Nakata et al. (1999) [8] had only correlated the maximum value of mean normal stress with breakage factor. The constitutive model proposed by Yao et al. (2008) which adopts a reference crushing stress provides an option to solve this difficulty [9]. It is noted that no positive dilatancy of granular material in triaxial test occurs once the confining pressure exceeds a certain stress level. That stress is defined as the reference crushing stress. This constitutive model has been employed to evaluate the crushing

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A probabilistic approach to sand particle crushing in the triaxial test

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Quantifying the evolution of soil fabric during shearing using scalar parameters

Quantifying the evolution of soil fabric during shearing using scalar parameters

Breakage of an artificial crushable material under loading

Numerical Investigation on the Reference Crushing Stress of Granular Materials in Triaxial Compression Test

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