Abstract:The peptide KLA (acetyl-(KLAKLAK)2-NH2), which is rather non toxic for eukaryotic cell lines, becomes active when coupled to the cell penetrating peptide, penetratin (Pen), by a disulfide bridge. Remarkably, the conjugate KLA-Pen is cytotoxic, at low micromolar concentrations, against a panel of seven human tumor cell lines of various tissue origins, including cells resistant to conventional chemotherapy agents but not to normal human cell lines. Live microscopy on cells possessing fluorescent labeled mitochon… Show more
“…In such cases, the linker should be cleaved to permit release of the drug conjugated to the CPP. For this purpose, cleavable linkers, such as an acid-labile hydrazone bond [41] or a reductioncleavable disulfide bond [42], have been used. A peptidic bond that can be broken by protease may also be applied [43].…”
Section: Challenges To Cpp Use In Cancer Treatmentmentioning
“…In such cases, the linker should be cleaved to permit release of the drug conjugated to the CPP. For this purpose, cleavable linkers, such as an acid-labile hydrazone bond [41] or a reductioncleavable disulfide bond [42], have been used. A peptidic bond that can be broken by protease may also be applied [43].…”
Section: Challenges To Cpp Use In Cancer Treatmentmentioning
“…The infant SGF and SIF were prepared as ascribed in the studies of Liu et al, 29 and Dupont et al 30 with slight modification. The pH of SGF and SIF were adjusted to 3.0 and 7.4, respectively.…”
Section: Digestion Of Lf Liposomes Under Simulated Gastric and Small mentioning
“…Another study showed that the proapoptotic peptide
(KLAKLAK) 2 conjugated to penetratin led to selective inhibition of tumor cell
growth. [55] To promote delivery of
(KLAKLAK) 2 specifically to the GBM cells, we generated a recombinant protein
IL-13-D2-KK2, which targets IL-13RA2. After biotin conjugation and detection with
streptavidin, we showed that IL-13-D2-KK2 was effectively internalized into the GBM cells
and co-localized with ATP-synthase.…”
A multifunctional fusion protein, IL-13.E13K-D2-NLS, effectively recognizes
glioblastoma (GBM) cells and delivers its portion to the cell nucleus. IL-13.E13K-D2-NLS
is composed of a cancer cell targeting ligand (IL-13.E13K), specialized cytosol
translocation bacterial toxin domain 2 of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (D2) and
SV40 T antigen nuclear localization signal (NLS). We have now tested whether we can
produce proteins that would serve as a delivery vehicle to lysosomes and mitochondria as
well. Moreover, we examined whether IL-13.E13K-D2-NLS can deliver anti-cancer drugs like
doxorubicin to their nuclear site of action in cancer cells. We have thus constructed two
novel proteins: IL-13.E13K-D2-LLS which incorporates lysosomal localization signal (LLS)
of a human lysosomal associated membrane protein (LAMP-1) for targeting to lysosomes and
IL-13-D2-KK2, which incorporates a pro-apoptotic peptide (KLAKLAK)2 (KK2)
exerting its action in mitochondria. Furthermore, we have produced IL-13.E13K-D2-NLS and
IL-13.E13K-D2-LLS versions containing a cysteine for site-specific conjugation with a
modified doxorubicin, WP936. We found that single-chain recombinant proteins
IL-13.E13K-D2-LLS and IL-13-D2-KK2 are internalized and localized mostly to the lysosomal
and mitochondrial compartments, respectively, without major trafficking to cells’
nuclei. We also determined that IL-13.E13K-D2-NLS-cys[WP936],
IL-13.E13K-D2-LAMP-cys[WP936] and IL-13-D2-KK2 were cytotoxic to GBM cells overexpressing
IL-13RA2, while much less cytotoxic to GBM cell lines expressing low levels of the
receptor. IL-13.E13K-D2-NLS-cys[WP936] was the most potent of the tested anti-tumor agents
including free WP936. We believe that our receptor-directed intracellular
organelle-targeted proteins can be employed for numerous specific and safer treatment
applications when drugs have specific intracellular sites of their action.
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