A Private Quantum Bit String Commitment

Abstract

We propose an entanglement-based quantum bit string commitment protocol whose composability is proven in the random oracle model. This protocol has the additional property of preserving the privacy of the committed message. Even though this property is not resilient against man-in-the-middle attacks, this threat can be circumvented by considering that the parties communicate through an authenticated channel. The protocol remains secure (but not private) if we realize the random oracles as physical unclonable functions in the so-called bad PUF model with access before the opening phase.

A Secured Quantum Two-Bit Commitment Protocol for Communication Systems

“…is not supposed to be able to change the bit she committed (binding) after the commitment phase, while Bob can not identify the bit that Alice has already committed until she reveals it (concealing) [8]. Due to the no-go theorem [9], the possibility of building a classical BC under various security conditions such as classical BC under relativistic settings, tamper-evident seals, or transmitting measurement outcomes started to be discussed [10], [11].…”

“…Due to the no-go theorem [9], the possibility of building a classical BC under various security conditions such as classical BC under relativistic settings, tamper-evident seals, or transmitting measurement outcomes started to be discussed [10], [11]. Theoretically, the current classical BC protocols can not achieve the unconditional level of security, one solution for this problem is inspired by the concept of quantum cryptography where the Quantum Bit Commitment (QBC) protocol is developed with higher levels of security [8], [12].…”

“…In 2020, Mariana Gama et al proposed a QBC protocol based on the entanglement aspects [8]. This protocol introduced the idea of string commitment.…”

“…This protocol introduced the idea of string commitment. They suggested the use of physical unclonable functions to model random oracles, this protocol is not secure against eavesdropping attacks [8]. In 2021, Hao et al proposed a QBC protocol that uses Bell states and demonstrates that the sender can successfully change her commitment without being detected by the recipient with a probability of 1−(1/2)n, where n is the number of rounds in executing the protocol.…”

Two-Party Privacy-Preserving Set Intersection with FHE

“…In practical applications, specific schemes are more widely used [ 11 ]. Secret sharing [ 12 ], garbled circuit [ 13 , 14 ], oblivious transfer [ 15 ], commitment schemes [ 16 ] and homomorphic encryption [ 17 ] are the key pieces of technology to realize SMPC, and SMPC is of great significance in the study of secret sharing schemes and privacy protection, where it is widely used in correlation analysis, data security queries, trusted data exchanges, etc. [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”