A Privacy-Aware Zero Interaction Smart Mobility System

Abstract

Smart cities often rely on technological innovations to improve citizens' safety and quality of life. This paper presents a novel smart mobility system that facilitates people's access to public mobility while preserving their privacy. In contrast to several well-known smart mobility systems discussed in this paper, the one we propose combines privacy guarantees with user friendliness. Specifically, the system is based on a zero-interaction approach whereby a person can use public transport services without any need to perform explicit actions. Operations related to ticket purchases and validation were fully automated. The system is also designed with the privacy-by-design paradigm to preserve user privacy as much as possible. Throughout the paper, several technical details are discussed as well to describe a prototype version of the system that was implemented. The prototype was successfully tested in the city of Imola (Emilia Romagna, Italy) to prove the validity of the system in the field.INDEX TERMS Privacy-by-design, Smart cities, Smart mobility, Zero interaction.

An Overview of Cyber Threats, Attacks and Countermeasures on the Primary Domains of Smart Cities

“…The devices have the propensity to have little computing power, and their hardware restrictions prevent them from having built-in security mechanisms. This makes the devices susceptible to vulnerabilities [42][43][44]. The IoT devices in a smart city's ecosystem control critical transportation infrastructures, so they need strict secure guarantees.…”

Associated Information and Communication Technologies Challenges of Smart City Development

“…In addition, a new regulatory framework is needed to manage the big data era, ensure data privacy, data security, and liability, and it is needed to validate the data to make the right decisions [68,69]. The authors in [70] proposed employing one of the most used privacy metrics, namely k-anonymity [71]; the authors also rely on data anonymization and generalization standard techniques standardized by the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [72]. A decentralized governance platform for smart cities based on blockchain technology was proposed in [73] to address transparency concerning privacy and cost-efficiency.…”