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Background: Diseases induced by such physical factors as noise and vibration rank high in the structure of occupational disorders; their proportion increased from 36.6 % in 2004 to 51.15 % in the year 2019. Objective: To assess risks of hearing loss among the seafaring personnel of Novoship PJSC exposed to occupational noise. Materials and methods: The observation group included men with 10, 20 and 30 years of work experience. In accordance with generally accepted methods, an a priori occupational risk was determined for workers exposed to noise at workplaces in the years 2014–2016. Results: We established that the limit of the equivalent sound level of 80 dBA was exceeded by 13–16 dBA at the workplaces of mechanics, electricians, and motor mechanics of the shipping company. In accordance with R 2.2.1766–03, Guidelines on occupational risk assessment for workers’ health: Organizational and methodological aspects, principles and criteria, the health risk posed by noise exposure was moderate (significant), category 2, for mechanics and senior stokers (turners) and high (intolerable), category 2, for first-class stokers. In accordance with the Russian National Standard GOST R ISO 1999-2017, Acoustics. Estimation of noise-induced hearing loss, methodology, the probability of mild hearing loss by 26 dB (first degree of sensorineural hearing loss) in seafarers of the studied occupations at the age of 40, 50 and 60 years with a 10-year work experience years was 13.1 %, 29.7 %, and 50.4 %, respectively; the probability of moderate hearing loss by 41 dB (second degree of sensorineural hearing loss) was 0 % for the age of 40 and 50 years and 17.0 % for the age of 60 years; the probability of mild hearing loss by 26 dB at the age of 50 with a work experience of 20 and 30 years was 36.7 % and 52.2 %, at the age of 60 – 58.2 % and 72.2 %; the probability of moderate hearing loss by 41 dB for these age groups was 0 % and 23.2 % for the seafarers with 20 years of experience, 27.4 % and 44.7 % for the seafarers with 30 years of experience, respectively. Conclusion: Effective planning of measures for noise-induced occupational disease prevention requires a legislative decision on compulsory assessment of occupational risks of noise-induced hearing loss based on the results of audiometry of workers exposed to sound levels above 80 dBA within annual health checkups.
Background: Diseases induced by such physical factors as noise and vibration rank high in the structure of occupational disorders; their proportion increased from 36.6 % in 2004 to 51.15 % in the year 2019. Objective: To assess risks of hearing loss among the seafaring personnel of Novoship PJSC exposed to occupational noise. Materials and methods: The observation group included men with 10, 20 and 30 years of work experience. In accordance with generally accepted methods, an a priori occupational risk was determined for workers exposed to noise at workplaces in the years 2014–2016. Results: We established that the limit of the equivalent sound level of 80 dBA was exceeded by 13–16 dBA at the workplaces of mechanics, electricians, and motor mechanics of the shipping company. In accordance with R 2.2.1766–03, Guidelines on occupational risk assessment for workers’ health: Organizational and methodological aspects, principles and criteria, the health risk posed by noise exposure was moderate (significant), category 2, for mechanics and senior stokers (turners) and high (intolerable), category 2, for first-class stokers. In accordance with the Russian National Standard GOST R ISO 1999-2017, Acoustics. Estimation of noise-induced hearing loss, methodology, the probability of mild hearing loss by 26 dB (first degree of sensorineural hearing loss) in seafarers of the studied occupations at the age of 40, 50 and 60 years with a 10-year work experience years was 13.1 %, 29.7 %, and 50.4 %, respectively; the probability of moderate hearing loss by 41 dB (second degree of sensorineural hearing loss) was 0 % for the age of 40 and 50 years and 17.0 % for the age of 60 years; the probability of mild hearing loss by 26 dB at the age of 50 with a work experience of 20 and 30 years was 36.7 % and 52.2 %, at the age of 60 – 58.2 % and 72.2 %; the probability of moderate hearing loss by 41 dB for these age groups was 0 % and 23.2 % for the seafarers with 20 years of experience, 27.4 % and 44.7 % for the seafarers with 30 years of experience, respectively. Conclusion: Effective planning of measures for noise-induced occupational disease prevention requires a legislative decision on compulsory assessment of occupational risks of noise-induced hearing loss based on the results of audiometry of workers exposed to sound levels above 80 dBA within annual health checkups.
Introduction. The results of the occupational risk assessment are additional to a special assessment of the working conditions for obtaining quantitative information on the likelihood of developing health disorders. Occupational risk models have not been approved yet, and the proposed approach allowed assessing a priori risk from various harmful factors and conditions, predicting workload, and elevating the effectiveness of preventive measures. Materials and Methods. The assessment of a priori occupational risk from exposure to noise, chemicals and stress-related risk factors was performed at the workshop No. 1 of the oil refinery «KINEF» LLC using the proven models. The results of studies and measurement, conducted in 2020 within the special assessment of working conditions, were used as an input data. Results. The levels of occupational risk caused by exposure to a chemical factor did not reach values significant for the development of occupational disease, regardless of service length. The levels of occupational risk from exposure to noise at individual workplaces formed a risk level significant for the development of occupational diseases with the work experience of more than 30 and 40 years. At individual workplaces, the risk associated with the work intensity is relevant for the work experience of more than 20 years. There were identified persons whose professional experience allows determining the risk levels significant for the development of occupational diseases. Limitations. The limitations of the study are uncertainties associated with conducting a special assessment of the working conditions. Conclusion. Occupational risk assessment makes it possible to supplement the existing approaches with a quantitative assessment of the probable damage to workers health, to identify the vulnerable groups of employees, to determine the length of service considering the exposure factors.
An urgent task in modern conditions is to improve the existing models of occupational risk assessment to ensure the safety and health of employees, obtain and analyze objective information sufficient to develop scientifically sound management decisions on the prevention of occupational and general morbidity, reduce labour loss and preserve labour longevity. The review provides information on domestic and foreign models of occupational risk assessment, their improvement to ensure the safety and health of employees. Various models of occupational risk assessment are analyzed, both quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative methods of assessing occupational risk that causes the risk for employee health disorders associated with exposure to chemicals, dust factor, noise, and vibration. Methodological principles of various models of occupational risk assessment differ in approaches to assessment of hazard and impact. The advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign models of occupational risk assessment are established. This requires the development of a single unified methodology (procedure) for assessing and managing occupational risks, criteria for assessing occupational health risks of an individual and cohort (group, collective) nature. The ideas and evidence discussed in this review indicate that scientific research and professional practice on occupational risk assessment in occupational should develop towards a more holistic, health-oriented model of occupational risk assessment and management. When preparing the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.
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